Housewife in India and Pakistan Essay

In India different approaches to domestic responsibilities are found in the various ethnic groups. In a Hindu family, the head of the family is the Griha Swami (Lord of the House) and his wife is the Griha Swamini(Lady of the House). The Sanskrit words Grihast and Grihasta perhaps come closest to describing the entire gamut of activities and roles undertaken by the householder or housewife. Grih is the Sanskrit root for house or home; Grihasta and Grihast are derivatives of this root, as is Grihastya. The couple lives in the state called Grihastashram or family system and together they nurture the family and help its members (both young and old) through the travails of life. The woman who increments the family tree (bears children) and protects those children is described as the Grihalakshmi (the wealth of the house) and Grihashoba (the glory of the house). The elders of the family are known as Grihshreshta. The husband or wife may engage in countless other activities which may be social, religious, political or economic in nature for the ultimate welfare of the family and society. However, their unified status as joint householders is the nucleus from within which they operate in society. The ‘status’ of a woman as a housewife anchors them in society and provides meaning to their activities within the social, religious, political and economic framework of their world. However, as India undergoes modernisation, many women are in employment, particularly in the larger cities such as Mumbai or Delhi, where most women will work. In Muslim families, use of the term housewife (or its equivalent) is uncommon, even though housewives are very common and stay-at-home husbands are extremely rare. Muslim society sets different expectations for the husband and wife, but respects their individuality.

Influence of Religion on Developing Societies Essay

Religion has always had some influence on civilization. From the past to the present it has shaped the way civilizations interact, communicate and even fight wars. Religion started out with the different complex societies instilling their rules upon families and then allowing those kinds of families to organize into local government systems. Religion influenced economies to flourish and expand so that trade could be developing thus reducing the threat of war among empires. The importance of religion could never be under stated because it’s influence on politics and the different ethnic groups. However the three religions that have affected civilizations throughout the existence of man have been Islam, Judaism and Christianity. I hope to show how those religions shaped the minds of philosophers, scientists and priests throughout the existence of human beings. In my research I also hope to show how religion forced communities to bond with one another in other to worship God the way they would like without the infringing upon someone else views and I hope to show how conflict influenced the politics of every society. This would reveal how religion plays a big part of our lives whether we believe in God or not. This research also will show how religion influences our present world. The three religious beliefs all do their part to establish a foundation in man’s heart to build a better society, culture and communications with one another. Religion will always influence our beliefs, our civilization, and our moral values. Without Religion societies are dead in the water. Islam is an important part of today’s society and culture. Islam is one of the fastest growing religions in our world. From generation to generation this religion has influenced much of the Muslim countries such as those in the Middle East, Europe and even in the United States. Many in the Jewish and Christian communities consider the Muslim religion as being a reason why there is also conflict in the Middle East over a tiny piece of land called Palestine. This was a land in which religion played an important role in the boundaries and communities that existed during that era. However throughout history, the Islamic religion has been in conflict with other religions that were called â€Å"Infidels† because of their unbelievers in following teachings of the Quran as inspired by Muhammad. This has been the main conflict of the religion of the Islamic with other religions and faiths. Mohammad Nafissi (2005) points out: The ideal type of reformation proposed here is capacions enough no include both Christianity and Islam, but it is also sufficiently determinate to retain and explain the distinctive trajectory of Islam and Islamic reformism. At present certain explicit Koranic injunctions and aspects of the Prophet’s tradition, sunna, and the orthodox Islamic law, sharia which purports to synthesize both as a comprehensive set of lasting rules of conduct, apparently stand opposed to central tenants of modernity, gender equality, and equality in law and rights between Muslims and non-Muslims or separation of religion and state. The suggest a prima facie case for the view that Islam is an obstacle to modernity, democracy, and economic progress. (p. 3) Muhammad was influence by some elements of Judaism and Christianity. Both of those religions believed in Monotheism and this had an impact upon the thinking of Muhammad who also taught again idolatry. However Muhammad believed that Jesus Christ was an ordinary prophet just like Peter, Paul and others. Mohammad Nafissi (2005) further notes: The centerpiece of the Islamic reform of Judaism and Christianity was a rationalizing agenda that synthesized them as what can be accurately described as a Judeo-Christianity that anticipated Protestantism in some areas and went beyond it at least in one crucial respect, Mohammad did not deny the ministries of Moses and the Jesus, but claimed to have been sent to purify the corrupted Judaism and Christianity at the time. Jesus was a prophet, but to worship him as a divine was precisely the mark of pagan magic, ignorance, and neglect of the one supreme God that had sent Mohammad and all the preceding prophets. p. 7) This ancient view has been the origin of conflict against Judaism and Christianity to the 21st century. It has caused cultures to collide against each other and millions of innocent people have suffered hardships due to wars, terrorists, bombings, and commendations. Islam is specially has a hatred of Jewish people because of their claims to be God’s chosen people. (Evangeliou, 2003) The Jewish has been the center piece of the nation of Israel for centuries. The nation is one of the tiniest on the planted however it is one of the strongest military and intelligent people in society. Their culture has been studied and copied for ages. Judaism is a religion that can be traced back to the Jewish people that believed in the worship of one God. History showed that in those ancient times many complex societies worshiped different deities. This led to many different groups and communities that had placed status, magic and other strange views that influenced events in that era. Judaism is known in our present society because of the â€Å"first chapter of both the Jewish Torah and the Christian Bible†. (Sanders, et al. , 2006, p. 6) It is also noted the accounts of several events that end up shaping the world then and now. The monotheism belief influenced the heart and spirit of many in the Jewish culture. This is extremely important because of how it was able to grow in influence throughout the ancient world to the world that we live in today. Historical accounts of the Judaism reveal many concepts and practices that many cultures and civilizations still uses today. An example would be the eating of certain kinds of meats for dietary bases; the military planning that enable a young lad name David to defeat the great Philistine champion names Goliath. pg. 72) The development of many methods to help understand our universe and the environment all come gets its foundation from Judaism. The role of religion played in influencing the Jewish woman in loving their family and devoting their lives to God and their homes. Politically, religion was the foundation that influences one section of the tribes of Israel to break from tradition and form their own government. (Para. 2) Religion also influenced economies in the Jewish civilizations. Complex societies were formed that religion could dictate to the rule of law and expand their beliefs to other societies. In my studies I found that the concept of many of the complex Judean societies formed cities and states to maintain some order and to create a form of government that would follow the principles of the Torah that was given by Yahweh. (Bentley, et al. , 2008) Religion influence how the Jewish people traveled and intermingle with other ethnical groups in different parts of the ancient world. However there was another religion that has its part in the influencing its faith into the ancient world. Christianity is the best known for impact upon the world in the ancient era through our present. Christianity is a religion can be traced as far back as the first century. This religion centers on the life Jesus Christ and the early church. It is the belief that Jesus Christ was the son of God who came upon the earth to sacrifice his life to save man from their sins and have everlasting life. This doctrine is unlike from what the Jewish and Islam beliefs are. The Judaism religion still awaits their king to come and save them from this world while Islam followers have a firm belief of Muhammad as being a prophet with the same divinity as Jesus Christ. When you look at the history of Christianity as it is written, accounts indicate that Christianity formed societies, complex communities, armies, and economies all over the world. What I found so interesting was how fast Christianity was able to spread in parts of Europe, Asia, Northern Africa and finally to America. This doctrine affected how people lived, interact, and worked to support themselves. The belief that Christianity offered a deliverance from a world of wars, conflict, diseases, sin, and intolerance is the driving force behind Jesus Christ. Researcher has found that Christianity started around the first century C. E. (Sanders, et al. , 2006 p. 221) The Jewish sects didn’t like how the Roman Empire how they took control of Palestine. (Para. 2). This led to a new to a new religion and the need to have written records pertaining to the words of Jesus Christ. (Pg. 222) History indicates that a Jew named Saul who was â€Å"trained as a rabbi and scholarly religious leader in the Jewish tradition† (Sanders, et al. , 2006 Para. 1) was converted to Christianity on the road to Damascus. After the vision, Saul followed God’s word and changed his name to Paul and became was instrumental in testifying about his experience and converting both Gentiles and Jews to the new religion. What Christianity done is to give communities a foundation to build a culture, government, and economy based on Christian principles. Christianity was somewhat different than Islam and Judaism because it didn’t teach to judge people but allow God to be the one who would judge individuals by the way that person lives his/her life. Some fractions of Islam have a firm belief in going to heaven if they kill innocent people for being unbelievers. This is what makes Christianity stand out among others in the world. Christianity is a bridge to God not to wage war against unbelievers or to force people in communities convert but give the world a new religion based on love, peace and the vision of being delivered from sin. In every era Christianity has influenced the changing of cultures, economies and governments. The role of government in modern times have all developed on the foundation of three principles, either you are of Jewish, Islamic or Christian faiths. Many wars and conflicts have resulted because of the views of their religion beliefs. Scholars and theorists have often debate about the role of religion in the lives of society. This has caused a battle between the three main faiths in today’s societies. Scott Thomas (2002) notes† One of the main debates among theorists of the international relationships is the nature of The social bonds that hold states together as an international society. This debate has Brought together theorists of the otherwise sharply contending schools of neorealist Structuralism. The current versions of the traditions of Thucydides, Machiavelli, Hobbes, And Rousseau) and of neoliberal institutionalism (the contemporary forms of traditions From Grotius, Kant, Bentham, and Rawls). (Pg. 110) This debate involves the resurgence of religion that is dictating the modularization of our global world. It is affecting how we eat, work, build, socialize, and communicate with others. This resurgence is gro wing so fast that it will eventually become one religion. Christianity will be the religion that will dominate the world in our present and generations to come. People see and form their own opinions about religion. When religion can provide a better life for poor, the elderly, the family structure, and then it will achieve it desire. For the worship of God is for the needy, downcast and others that long for a change in their lives. Christianity is the religion that is best suited for the masses. Research indicates, that when communities feel comfortable about being able to worship they have a desire to live better lives, work harder , form interpersonal relationships and become productive in society. Many political leaders throughout the ages have made promises of wealth, religious freedom and equality for all however this has not been the case. Thomas (2002) writes â€Å"The failure of this modernizing mythology to produce what is promised, and the failure of the modernizing secular states it engendered, is evident in what is identified as â€Å"Political decay,† (Para. 5) It is a known fact that people do not trust the words of politicians anymore. This is the reason for the resurgence of Christianity in our communities. If there is no form of Christian beliefs to revive our culture and communities, we are going to suffer a long period of hardships, wars, and famine in our lands. The role of Christianity can help reshape the family structure to re include God in every our lives, educate our children and provide a sense of comfort to individuals that need comfort. It will force government to acknowledge how important Christianity is in establishing a good economy and providing human rights to its people. This is the one religion that can bring communities together and enable fellowship by the methods of salvation through Jesus Christ. Without this happening, the world would be without any laws or righteous government to run it. In other words, societies would be dead in the water.

Byrons Don Juan

Byrons Don Juan Essay Byrons Don JuanOne writer who has not recieved nearly enough credit for his works isGeorge Gordon, who later became known as Lord Byron. This is the man who wrotehis own poetical version of Don Juan. Don Juan is a man who is known for beingable to arouse the desires of women and to love every one he meets. This DonJuan can be viewed, however, as a loosely disguised biography of Byron. Lord Byrons father, Captain John, has ancestors that go back as far asthe Buruns in the time of William the Conqueror. Back in this time it was verycommon for people to marry their own cousins. Captain John was married threetimes and was considered to be very smooth with the ladies. Byron was born on January 22, 1788 in London, and the following year heand his mother moved to Aberdeen, Scotland. His father soon followed, but itwouldnt be long before he would disappear to France and end up dying in 1791. It was just as well because his parents never got along very well. In Lord Byrons early years he experienced poverty, the ill-temper ofhis mother, and the absence of his father. By 1798 he had inherited the titleof 6th Baron Byron and the estate of Newstead Abbey. Once hearing this news, heand his mother quickly removed to England. All of Byrons passions developed early. In 1803 he had his firstserious and abortive romance with Mary Chaworth. At the age of15 he fellplatonically but violently in love with a young distant cousin, Mary Duff(Parker 10). He soon had another affair with a woman named Mary Gray. Soonhereafter he was involved with many liaisons with such women as Lady CarolineLamb and then Lady Oxford. Then just as Byron was beginning to live his life the way he had alwayswanted to, his mother dies in 1811. The following year he became immenselyfashionable and notorious. By 1813 he had began another affair with his half-sister Augusta. Continuing his search for the woman of his dreams, he marrysAnabella Milbanke in 1815 and has a daughter the same year. The next year Lady Byron leaves him to visit her parents and neverreturns. Separation papers are signed and he begins another liaison with ClaireClairmont. The following year(1817), they have a baby named Allegra. Not toolong after this he falls in love with yet another woman, named Marianna Segati. His next love happened two years later, Countess Teresa Guiccioli. Manysay she was his last love and his first. Byron met Teresa at an evening party. They soon began meeting secretly because she was married to Count AlessandroGuiccioli. She had auburn curls, large lovely eyes, beautifully shapedshoulders and arms, and an abundant bosom. She was completely intrigued byByrons beauty. Maybe they both felt that fate brought them together. It wascustomary in the code of serventismo for a married woman to have a lover andthe husband wasnt allowed to be jealous. Count Alessandro did know aboutTeresa and Byrons love for each other, but never spoke of it (Trueblood 99). After this liaison ended, Byrons life began to exhale love and devotionin vast quantities. Then his daughter, Allegra, and one of his close friends,Shelley, died in 1822. Two years later Lord Byron himself died. His body wasthen brought to England and buried in family vault at Hucknall Torkard nearNottingham. At his death he was the most famous poet in Europe and the mostnotorious sexual adventurer. READ: The Image of God EssayLord Byron was a professional poet. His letters and journals prove hisconcern to be the best poet around and to be famous was consistently deep andserious. Ambition for power and popularity came first and remained always theprinciple reason for writing. Byron had a great range of interests andexperiences of ideas and emotion than your average man ever did (Boyd 4). Don Juan is, all-in-all, a legendary lover. Familiar with the Don Juanlegend, Byron deliberately altered the traditional character and made him theinnocent victim of womankind. He experiences love by natural disaster, slavery,war, the court, and the aristocracy. Its two main epic themes are love and war(Joseph 74). The first two cantos of the poem Byron wrote were published without anauthor or a publisher. Many thought the poem was novel and powerful, and causedgreat misgivings for Byrons publisher. Others hoped for the poem to bediscontinued. The first sample of Don Juan got a very mixed reception. Byronspublisher, Murray, told him the poem was too outrageously shocking and to reviseit. He did not listen to Murray. He believed in what he had created and hewanted to continue it.

Television News Programs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Television News Programs - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that advertisements that are aired during news programs take away one’s attention from the news. In this regard, local channels like 10TV and NBS4i are not any better when compared to national channels like ABC or CBS. The advertisements aired during the news include ads on cars, pharmaceuticals, fast-food chains and personal care products. Most of these advertisements are fast-paced, colorful and sometimes downright funny, while others seem to consolidate a lot of information in their thirty-second slot. Although advertisements can engage the viewers for a while, there are other non-news items aired during news programs that can be irritating. For instance, news programs are often littered with announcements telling viewers what will happen â€Å"at the top of the hour† or provide information on other programs that the channel would telecast later on. Teasers like â€Å"A local high school goes up in flames. Will it affect cla sses on Monday?† is past bizarre. Such announcements and teasers can get particularly frustrating for viewers who want to hear the news and get on with their chores. Even weather forecasters keep their viewers waiting when they mention that later on in the program they would give the weather predictions. The wait for weather predictions would sometimes end up being a good fifteen minutes. As if these announcements weren’t enough to get the viewers on edge, there are times when newscasters try to portray a friendly appearance but end up being downright annoying. In fact, the most irritating aspect of most of the news programs is the frequent friendly chit-chat between members of the news team. Apart from the initial acknowledgment, newscasters often try to make small talks on how their recent vacation had been or convey their opinions and ideas on some of the news that they reported. Although it may be done with the

Rip Van Winkle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rip Van Winkle - Essay Example ‘Rip Van Winkle’ (Irving, 1996) He was a very productive writer and that is the reason why he was able to become wealthy as a professional writer. As rightly quoted by (Wagenknecht, 1962) Washington Irving was an expert stylist and other writers took him as a model. The mainstay of Irving’s stories lies in the depiction of his characters which draws the reader to identify himself with it, and how he views the world and interacts with it. The character of Rip Van Winkle is unique and brings out the essence of realization that the author tries to bring to his reading audience. â€Å"Rip Van Winkle† sets the terms for what was to come in the following years, especially for male authors (Wagenknecht,1962) Most female writers dedicated themselves to writing sentimental novels, while male writers preferred Gothic and Historical themes (Wagenknecht, 1962) In making a comparison between sentimental and romantic themes (Bryant, 2009) states that the ‘historical romance was fond of setting the Rip Van Winkle marks the ushering in of American literature with a narrative framework and this pattern of masculine fiction is seen crystallized in the story of â€Å"Rip Van Winkle† who goes to sleep for a 100 years, only to wake up and find a very different world around him. This story is also Ð ° reflection of people who lived in Europe and decided to migrate to America, an unknown land – ‘to the savage side’ (Bryant, 2009) Rip is not very comfortable with women and ‘he is unhappy with his wife and decides to live on his own.’ (Irving, 1996) He also takes his dog with him named â€Å"Wolf† (Irving, 1996) The protagonist satisfies two of his desires – escaping from society and also escaping from the institution of marriage. However, the hero comes back to society after Ð ° transforming experience and then we see the characteristic changes in his persona (Wagenknecht,1962) Rip Van Winkle is a well constructed story that opens with a panoramic view of the serene

Solutions for Rising Sea Level Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Solutions for Rising Sea Level - Essay Example A secondary approach would therefore be to seek to find alternative means to integrate with the changing environment as a way to ensure survival and success for oneself and the progeny that one leaves behind. This brief essay will analyze three distinctly different options for this latter approach as well as commenting and discusses the means by which these would ultimately be accomplished. The first of these has to do with building artificial islands as a means of providing many of the low-lying Pacific islanders alternate dwelling places if sea levels continue to rise to the degree that they have. Although this may seem as a type of science fiction, history has proven that man-made islands have the possibility to both be created and support life within them (Vidal, 2011, Â ¶2). As such, this particular article, published in the Guardian in 2011, discusses the means whereby the leadership of several Pacific island groups are pursuing relevant information with regards to how they ca n construct or augment islands as a function of ameliorating the threat of the seemingly endless rise of sea level which poses such a direct and existential threat. Although the ideas that are put forward are imaginative, it is the belief of this author that they are both too fanciful and too costly to be put into practical application. A far more effective, albeit entirely destructive means which would engender the same effect would be to merely concentrate on building up the level of the existing island. Similarly, another approach that is illustrated by another article published by Climatewire in 2010 states that coastal regions and shareholders should immediately seek to build sea walls and other means to halt the rise and encroachment of the sea (Mulkerin, 2010, Â ¶29). This approach too is good in that it requires shareholders to be proactive towards seeking to find a unique solution to the challenge that rising sea levels engender. However, the key fault in such an approach is the fact that in order for it to be ultimately effective, it must be engaged upon by all shareholders in order to ameliorate the underlying problem of sea rises. However, a strength to such an approach is that it could ultimately save billions of dollars that would otherwise be required to build up the land to an acceptable height in order to stave off the encroachment of an advancing sea. Similarly, the final article discuses a litany of ways in which humanity might seek to integrate itself with the rise of sea levels rather than seeking to find all manner of expensive means to alleviate the effects of a rising sea. Naturally this poses many problems with regards to where the mass of humanity will live and how such a system could ultimately work; however, the author of this piece provides intriguing alternatives to include the possible and perhaps even probably development of an entirely new form of economy in which humanity will seek to become more tightly integrated with its e nvironment as well as finding new and constructive means to integrate his/her life with the sea. Such a level of symbiosis would not only help to provide for he further sustainment of humanity but could also help to avert any such future disasters such as the one which is currently being perpetrated with regards to global warming and the melting of the polar ice caps. Though each of the ideas that have been proposed bear a certain application as well as a level of promise to key groups, it is the belief of this author tht

Guillain-Barr Syndrome Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Guillain-Barr Syndrome - Article Example In his research, acute pharyngeal-cervical-brachial type of GBS, masquerading brainstem stroke in a child, Syed (2012) seeks to analyze the symptoms of a child who is admitted in the hospital with difficulty feeding and left arm weakness after gastroenteritis case. In the case report, the child had normal milestones and compromised respiratory system muscles. Even after symptomatic treatment, the lower motor neuron paralysis and the poor pharyngeal response persisted leading to assisted feeds through gastric tubes. Administration of intravenous immunoglobulin reversed the condition and follow-up done. After one month, the child could feed and exhibit good motor response. Such research is a level one research. There is minimal build up, and initial research done to solidify the consistency of the findings. Additionally, there is formation of hypotheses that are subject to more rigorous testing in level two research. Despite utilizing a single case study, the research findings have a m oderate degree of reliability. The researcher was rigorous in analysis of the management of the client from admission to discharge and follow-up. He analyses the information without leaving any questionable gaps. The research findings are hence reliable (Syed, 2012). The second-research article seeks to experiment and establish the various subtypes of GBS among children. The researchers had a core objective of digging out the clinical and electrophysiological patterns of GNS among children with utility of cerebrospinal fluid and nerves motor response. The research was a prospective study. The researchers did collect pertinent information from clients with GBS diagnosis for a period of 7 years. 108 patients were in use during the research. The sample population did consist of both genders. The findings did indicate that the peak age for the condition establishment the sample population was 3 to 6.5 years. Infants also did possess he

Local and Global policy contexts for senior schooling Essay

Local and Global policy contexts for senior schooling - Essay Example Not only does this form of education bring in an immense form of economic growth to the country but is also assists in a great improvement in the quality of life available (Pollard 2003). Thus, while the individual benefits from this type of education by securing better paying and working conditions, the country also benefits in the form of economic growth and a higher standard of living. However, there are certain factors which continue to affect the rates of post compulsory education. If not controlled they can harness and affect the rates at which this type of education is excelling and spreading today. A change in taste, cyclical factors and interventions by government policy makers might all be responsible for harnessing the growth of post compulsory education today. Most education systems require their students to stay in school till the age of fifteen. Thus, the education system does not require the child to attend school till any specific class, instead deciding on a legal age to leave school. The progression made in post compulsory education is checked through statistics and studies which examine the change in rates. In Australia, the participation rates showed that half of all students above the required school age continued with their education. The number of females who preferred to stay within this system was also higher than those of male retention rates. The grades obtained by these students were also great with the students achieving a higher grade in classes 11 and 12 then they had before. However, the study showed the females preferring to gain a higher education and achieving higher grades with far more persistence than their male counterparts (Lewis & Koshy). The participation in this type of education system is observed through two factors: the demand for post compulsory education and the supply for post compulsory education. But because no school system forbids or prevents an individual from achieving a secondary education, the demand for it proves to be far more effective in understand the reasons behind the participation in this education method. There are several factors affecting the rates of education in the post compulsory sector. The student has to be able to divide the costs and benefits they will achieve from obtaining this education. This includes the full-time or part-time opportunities that are available to them before they leave school. Thus, by participating in a continued education system, the individual forgoes the chance of being part of the labour market and earning wages. The diminishing job opportunities available to these students led them to drop the idea of working after the legal education age and pursue a higher education (ABS Labor Force). Yet, the job must also be able to provide adequate wages for the student to prefer it over an education system. This is because wages are the main reason behind the youth choosing to participate in the labor force (Long, Carpenter & Hayden). If the wages factor was removed from the labour force then most individuals would seek to continue with their studies. Where the student is incapable of finding a job they are able to find a trainee or apprenticeship program which teaches them the ethics

Event Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Event - Essay Example The event began with a salutation from our group leader followed by a few welcoming remarks and an introduction of the speaker as well as the members present and the purpose of the events. Just from this introduction I learnt the importance having an organisation of order of doing things and pulling the attention of participants in ensuring the success of any event. The speaker of the day took up from the introductions and went straight to the main objective. He described to us his life from childhood, what he has been thorough and the candid sacrifices and steps he has had to make while eyes remained set on the object of achieving success. According to the speaker ownership is a critical factor of success be in general life, academics or entrepreneurship. He emphasised the importance of persons taking the full responsibility of their life. I learnt that everything we do must be done for a purpose and in order to succeed we must always be willing to pay the price of our dreams. Staying focussed and becoming a subject matter expert in the field of interest are two other essential elements of success. The speaker also spoke about having a game plan for attaining personal or organisational goals, never giving up and being timely as crucial elements of success. In my reflection on the event therefore I think success is largely out of personal efforts and not the support of others. Even to be supported one must put an effort in winning this support. There will always be challenges in everything we do but the secret is to stay focussed and objective. This calls an understanding our purposes and goals as well as the effects of our actions to others. Being decisive and ethical in our decisions can really help us win the support of others both in life, business and as leaders and once there is the support then people share common visions and goals of success. This I think will be

The Blind Side Essay Example for Free

The Blind Side Essay Belonging is a sense of enlightenment felt when an individual gains an understanding of themselves in relation to others and society. Once the characters belong to their family and to themselves, belonging to society and the rest of the world becomes easy. â€Å"Looking for Alibrandi† by Marlina Marchetta and the film â€Å"The Blind Side† directed by John Lee Hancock, both show how each character gains an understanding of themselves and their family therefore leading to them to belong to society. Throughout the novel, Josie’s perceptions of herself and Nonna’s relationship undergo a significant transformation. Initially, Josie does not feel she belongs to her Nonna because of the limitations she places on her. It is only at the end of the novel that Josie learns the true heart-ache and suffering her Nonna went through for her mother. Marchetta uses the intimate feel of a diary to relate to the story of the three women bound by strong ties of family. It shows how each of the women belongs to each other and it also shows the barriers to their relationships. Linear Structure gives the book a strong sense of continuity and ensures a steady pace of the story line. At the beginning of the novel Josie says â€Å"She drives me crazy. Sometimes I have to grit my teeth sometimes to control myself†, showing that she does not feel she belongs to her Nonna. Towards the end she states â€Å"I cried because I was loved by two of the strongest women I would ever meet in my lifetime†. The discovery that she does truly belong to her Nonna encourages Josie to be her own person and to live her life emancipated from any rigid stereotypes that are barriers to belonging. Once she belongs to her Nonna, she then realises she belongs to herself, making belonging to society easier. Cultural identity is a very strong factor in Josie’s life. At first it is a barrier to her belonging to society and she rails against it as being old-fashioned and sexist. She realises towards the end of the book that her culture has made her who she is and what she is capable of becoming. Throughout the novel her references to her culture are often sarcastic or mocking. Josie asserts light heartedly that without the Italian tendency for being chatty and loud â€Å"Telecom would go broke†. Marchetta uses humour to show how Josie speaks with the voice of today’s youth and she speaks of issues that are contemporary and with which readers can relate to. Initially, at school especially, she feels victimised by her race and doesn’t belong. She is bitter and resentful to those not like her and often resorts to physical abuse in response to ‘wog’ insults. â€Å"Simply because like religion, culture is nailed into you so deep you can’t escape it†. This conveys that even though sometimes Josie wishes she wasn’t Italian that makes her who she is. After she learns to accept that towards the end of the novel, she starts to belong to herself and to her culture and then making it easier to belong to her school. At first Josie does not feel as if she belongs to her family, however she comes to a realisation that her culture isn’t a barrier to her belonging; she can then belong to herself and to society. Just like Josie, Michael Oher realises that his race isn’t a barrier to belonging to his family, he belongs to himself and he becomes accepted in society.

Ferrari Marketing Analysis

Ferrari Marketing Analysis Jump to:   Ferraris Marketing Strategies | Product Life Cycle of Ferrari | SWOT Analysis of Ferrari | Porters 5 Forces Introduction Ferrari history Ferrari is a manufacturer of Italian sports cars, and is based in Maranello, Italy. It was founded by Enzo Ferrari in 1929, and was originally named Scuderia Ferrari. When Enzo was ten year old, his father had taken him and his brother to watch motor racing circuit. Enzo was completely motivated by this action. In 1918 Enzo works as a test driver for a small company in Turin. In 1919 Enzo works for C.M.N in Milan, Initially as a test driver and later on as a racing driver. In 1920 Enzo finishes second in the Targo Florio. This lead the gateway for a 20 year collaboration with marquee that saw Ferrari do test driving to racing, and finally appointed head of racing division for Alfa Corse. Ferrari opens Auto Avio Costruzioni on Viale Trento Trieste in Modena. On September 13th, at the same headquarters of the old Scuderia Ferrari, Fiat platform Auto Avio Costruzioni builds 2 versions of Ferrari 815 in the year 1940. The factory was bombed in the world war on November 4th 1944, but they managed to rebuilt it quickly. Ferrari had an ambitious plan to build a V12 engine, and thus started designing the first Ferrari in 1945. Scuderia Ferrari sponsored drivers and manufactured race cars, but in 1946, it moved into the production of street legal vehicles, as Ferrari. In 1956 Ferrari turns into a Limited Liability Company. The professional industry and artisanship training institute was built in Maranello, which provides the company with special technicians even till today. In 1965 Ferrari signs an agreement with Fiat Group giving 50% of its share in the company to Fiat group in order to grow into a powerful company. Through the years, Ferrari has been celebrated for its unceasing contributions in the field of racing, specifically in Formula One, where it has been considerably successful. As on the writing of this assignment, Fiat owns 56% of Ferrari, Mediobanca owns 15%, Commerzbank AG owns 10%, Lehman Brothers Owns 7%, and Enzos son Piero Ferrari owns 10%. Vision and Mission of Ferrari Ferraris vision and mission has remained the same for years: To build unique sports cars that are suppose to bring out the excellence of Italian cars on the roads and on the racing circuits. Market Orientation Market orientation defines an organization that understands customer needs and their importance, focusing on providing products that are of high value to their customers, and marketing the products and services across all departments using a coordinated holistic program in marketing concept, taking into consideration Customer is King. Market orientation mainly focuses on: Understanding customers needs Competitors abilities and continuously collecting information about them. Sharing of information across various departments. Creating customer value using above mentioned information. The following table identifies and describes the marketing orientations Orientation Profit driven Western European Timeframe Characteristics Production Methods of production Until the 1950s The improving production and distribution, to achieve a reduction in cost and improved efficiency. Product Product quality Until the 1960s Products quality is paramount main Focus is on product not customers needs Selling Methods of selling 1950s and 1960s Effective selling and promotion are the major drivers to success. Marketing Needs and wants of customers 1970s to present day providing goods and services that are sure to satisfy the needs and wants of customers or end users. Further approaches include Relationship marketing and Societal marketing Relationship marketing Building and keeping good customer relation 1980s to present day Main focus is placed on the whole relationship between the suppliers and customers. The basic aim is to give good or best possible attention, customer services and build customer loyalty. Societal marketing Benefit to society 1990s to present day It has similar characteristics as marketing orientation but with the added condition that there will be limitations on any harmful activities to society, in product, production, or selling methods and procedures. Customers needs keeps changing over time to time. Ferrari has persuaded their customers to buy their product because of its style, speed, luxury, and elegance. Then, as soon as a company brings out a car that is a better match for Ferrari, They might drop Ferrari in favour for that car. But interestingly Ferrari has always managed to develop cars that reflects their customers needs and they may not switch so readily. And Ferrari has managed to do this for the past several decades, and till today. Ferrari has always focussed on their competitors and their customers by continues improvement in performance of their products and services. Ferraris success can be scaled only with respect to product or brand value. It is not done based on sales and revenues. Neither is it done based in terms of market capitalization, because no initial public stock offering was done by Ferrari. It is said that the Ferrari brand is worth more than Google brand, the Apple brand, BMW, Mercedes, or any other brand in the world. Yet, Ferrari never spends any money in advertisement. Marketing Concepts: Ferrari is a Product oriented company Ferrari produces excellent, well designed, quality products which are great value for money. Customers are sure to want our products. Thats the kind of approach Ferrari demands out of it customers. Product orientation occurs where the focus is given to the product rather than to the needs and wants of a customer. In a company like Ferrari they need to concentrate on their products, because over the years Ferrari managed to satisfy its customers through its superiority in quality and performance by delivering speed, style, luxury in their products. Relationship marketing of Ferrari Ferrari has always managed to Build and keep good relationship with their customers, by providing value for the customers money. Ferraris focus is on the whole relationship between suppliers and customers. Ferraris aim is to provide the best possible attention, Customer services to their customers by providing quality and increased performance in their products and services, and therefore build customer loyalty. Societal marketing of Ferrari This concept is based on social responsibility or societys long term interests. It explains an organisations task is not only to provide customers with quality products, but also to do that in a way that preserves, protects, and improves the societys well-being. In the 21st century, people are more aware of the sensitive issues than the earlier generation, such as health issues, global warming, shortage of resources etc. Ferrari has adopted this marketing philosophy to get the attention of the customers, The organisation understood the need for bringing out a new car that is eco friendly, thus they introduced the new electric hybrid Ferrari 599, which has a maximum speed of 200mph. The main aim of this car is to cut fuel consumption and pollution with the motive of breathtaking acceleration and performance. Marketing Strategy of Ferrari The success behind the marketing strategy of Ferrari is done by the review of Ferrari and its development through the ages. Enzo Ferrari never went to college or high school, he was just a mechanic at Alfa Romeo, not an engineer either, but his strong passion for racing, speed and engine, made him have his own ideas on engines and cars. Passion has always been the drive of Ferrari. And its the only marketing tool of Ferrari till today. Competitive Advantage Impact of the Organisations Marketing Mix Marketing mix can be defined as the use and specification of the 4ps (place, promotion, price and product) to describe the strategic position of an organisation in a market place. Other 4ps could be included as people, public relations, physical evidence and packaging (Kotler, Philip, lane and Keller: 2005) â€Å"Marketing management Prentice hall The mix represents the â€Å"variety of integrated decisions† which is taken by a company in order to assure the success of the marketing department. Usually, decisions are made in four areas represented by the 4Ps used in marketing mix: product, price, place and promotion. The 4Ps involve issues like brand name, product type, pricing, advertising, retailing and distribution (Business and Management Dictionary 2007). These fundamentals have to be managed effectively by the marketers to top customers needs enhanced than competition this means that decisions concerning the marketing mix forms a major aspect of marketing concept implementation (Jobber 2007), the combination of these elements also helps in influencing the demand and supply of the products and service presented to customers by the company. Product: This is regarded as a very vital element of the marketing mix. It is whatever thing that can be offered to a market which can be noticed, acquired, used or consumed that might gratify a want or need .Physical objects, services, ideas, organizations, persons places may be part. (Kotler et.al. 2005). It also involves the decision of what goods or services that should be offered to a collection of customers (Jobber 2007). The decision for product involves branding, quality, packaging, guarantees. Price: This is the only element of the marketing mix that generates revenue. â€Å"Price is the sum of all values that consumers exchange for the benefits of having or using the product or service.† (Kotler et.al. 2005). Promotion: It involves all the forms of communications used by the marketer at the market place about benefits, added features etc of a product. These are the major components of the promotional mix Advertising, Personal selling, Direct marketing, Internet promotion, Sales Promotion and publicity. Place: It is the mechanism through which goods or services are moved from the manufacturer/service provider to the end user/consumers. The accessibility of a companys product or service at the right quantities in the right (convenient) locations at the times when the customers want to buy them that is the distribution channels to be used and their management (Jobber 2007) According to Ivy (2008) tangible products uses the traditional 4Ps model while the intangible product or services sector on the other hand uses a 7P approach in order to satisfy the needs of the service provided to customers: product, price, place, promotion, people, physical facilities and processes. Product The product is one of the main building blocks of the marketing mix. It is known as the merchandise which provides the consumer with the basic functional requirements. Jobber describes a product as anything that is capable of satisfying customer needs. A product has to be appealing to its customers; therefore, producers need to ensure that their product would meet consumer satisfaction. This section will look at the product strategy of Ferrari Company and analyse a sector of their products using the product life cycle. A Ferrari principal automobile product group includes, 360 spider, 456M GT, 550 Maranello, 550 Barchetta Pininfanna, super -america salon, F430 spider. â€Å"The core element in the marketing mix is the companys product because this provides the functional requirements sought by customers†(Jobber,2007 p326).A well thought out product will provide the company with a good external image as well as customer loyalty which are essential for a companys competitive advantage.(BrassingtonPetitt, 2006:288) further defined a product as â€Å"a physical good idea, person or place that is capable of offering tangible attributes that individuals or organisations regard as so necessary, worthwhile or satisfying that they are prepared to exchange money, patronage or some other unit of value in order to acquire it†. This above definition gives the idea that a product can be classified into tangible or intangible products. The tangible products are the physical goods whilst the intangible are the services that offered for example the Porsche car by Ferrari is the tangible product while the FI car race competition, after sales services are all intangible product to Ferrari. 3. DIAGRAM Product is classified into the following three categories namely the core product, the actual product and the augmented product. The product when benefited, is made valuable by the core product. For example, the core products in the Ferrari automobile is the speed attribute that comes with every Ferrari brand of automobile. This is one of the reasons why people that love fast cars will always prefer a Ferrari brand to any other brand of vehicle. Also Ferrari shows off this benefit to the prospective customers by organizing the car racing competition and also in their various advertising mediums. The tangible physical product is the actual product. This includes the physical automobile itself that comes in every different shapes and sizes. The physical attribute or component of the automobile itself is what is called the actual products. For example the Ferrari automobile F430 spider is an actual product for Ferrari. The non-physical part of the product is the augmented product. For example, warranty and customer service support. This shows the other services or component that comes with the buying of the automobile itself. The replacement part is an example of the augmented products. 4.1.2. Ansoff Matrix Planning for Growth The Ansoff matrix is a tool that helps businesses to strategize on their product and make necessary decisions for their market growth. With the Ansoff matrix, Ferrari would be able to know how the F430 spider automobile is doing in the market place and decide whether or not there is an advantage of entering the market place. The Ansoff matrix is a tool used to generate direction for strategic development for companies. It gives a sense of scope for the companies with regards to marketing of its products, whether to diversify, or to further develop more of its markets. Market penetration: According to Johnson, Scholes Whitington (2008:258) this is the process by which the organisation takes increased share of its existing markets with its existing product range. This will in turn lead to higher bargaining power of the supplier as Ferrari will have a larger market share. Johnson; ScholesWhitington (2008:258) also explain that â€Å"in terms of the five forces increasing market penetration is likely to exacerbate industry rivalry as other competitors in the market defend their share†. For example Jaguar cannot let Ferrari continue to have growth in market share while it sits behind. Ferrari has a % in speed car market while Jaguar has a % in market share in luxury car market. Product development: is where organisations deliver modified or new products to existing markets. Here product development implies greater degrees of innovation. Johnson, ScholesWhitington (2008:261).With the car manufacturing industry there is a continuous need to develop products so as to make sure customers needs are effectively met. For example Ferrari has even committed itself to sponsoring the formula one racing competition yearly to showcase new technology and improvement in diverse innovation. Market development involves offering existing products to new markets. Johnson; ScholesWhitington (2008:261). Ferrari moved over to other international markets like Canada, Mexico and USA. Market development might take three forms, new segments, new users and new geographical location. Johnson, ScholesWhitington describe diversification as a strategy that strictly takes the organisation away from both its existing markets and its existing products, it tends to imply unrelated or conglomerate diversification. Johnson further gives the reason for diversification saying that â€Å"efficiency gains can be made by applying the organisations existing resources or capabilities to new market and product or service†. This in turn will increase market power leading high entry barriers for new entrants. 4.1.3. The Product Life Cycle Every product must have a limited life span. The product life cycle tool allows a company to evaluate its product based on four stages. These stages include the introduction, the growth, the maturity and then the decline. All products must go through these four basic stages; therefore to maintain a good competitive advantage all companies ought to have the product life cycle tool as a basis of analyzing a product as it changes over time and also to be able to know what stage their product falls under a particular time. Price All products and services have a price, just as they have a value. According to Armstrong and Kotler, â€Å"Price is simply the amount of money charged for a product or service†. In a broader context, price is said to be the sum of all the values that consumers exchange for the benefits of having or using the product or service. Price is also one of the most flexible elements of the marketing mix in the sense that pricing decisions can be implemented relatively quickly, a tool used by companies to achieve their marketing objectives as well as the only element in the marketing mix that produces revenue. (Armstrong and Kotler, 2006) Price is one of the most significant essentials of the marketing mix because it is a unit source of what the company receives for the product or service that is being sold. Furthermore, Price is the only aspect of marketing mix that creates returns or produces profits. Price can also be defined as the perceived value derived by consumers of a product or service from the purchase of it or the sum of the value that consumers exchange for the benefits of having or using the product or service (Kotler and Keller 2006). Furthermore, price is a crucial product-positioning fact or that defines the products market, competition and design. The intended price determines what product features can be offered and what production cost can be incurred. There are different strategies that can be used by companies to price various products based on different reasons. Setting prices too high could amount to an abrupt reduction in sales, while setting prices too low could also cause a reduction in profits. The most appropriate strategy depends on how the product is positioned. A product could be positioned as being of premium value with a high price adding to the way it is perceived, individual products could be positioned high or low with consistent pricing across a product range, different strategies could also be appropriate at different stages in the life cycle of a product and charging a fixed price across a range of products could also be an a appropriate strategy. Charging fixed prices makes it easier for a company to predict its income. (www.is4profit.com) Pricing of a product can be determined in different ways, the company must however have decided on its own strategy for the product and this is however a direct function of its target market and market positioning that is past decisions on its market position. The diagram below illustrates the pricing strategies matrix. Price Skimming: This strategy is where a high price is charged because of substantial competitive advantage, the price is firstly made high, which offers an excellent initial cash flow to make up for high development expenses. If its a new product, with a competitive advantage, then consumers would definitely pay a premium to obtain the product offering excellent quality.(Adcock, Dennis 2001:267 ) .According to Kotler (1996), â€Å"the skimming price strategy is a high price which provides a strong margin but risks a depressed sales level†. The Ferrari price skimming strategy is because of its core benefit and to have a niche for itself in the market place. Premium Pricing: A ‘premium strategy uses a high cost, but offers superior product/service in return. (Adcock, Dennis 2001:264)This is used when a significant competitive advantage is present and high price is set because of the exclusivity of the product or service. The exclusivity of the fastest car model by Ferrari contributes to its premium pricing strategy. Economy Pricing: This is also known as no-frills, it is a low price approach where costs of production and promotion costs are kept to the lowest, that is the product or service would be set at its cheapest price. Economy pricing is a deliberate strategy for low costs. However, prior to the product launch, it is vital to decide the position/market share of such product. That position of the product is how it is distinguished in the market. A product that is solely dependent on price is likely to be helpless and prone to that compete purely on price is helpless and prone to attack from more established products. (Adcock, et.al. Dennis 2001:2006). According to our research, Ferrari automobile does not use this pricing strategy. Penetration Pricing: This is when the price for a product or service is firstly set low in other to have a price advantage to gain a large market share for penetration of the market. Once a deep access to the market share is attained, the prices would raise. According to our research, Ferrari automobile does not use this pricing strategy. Versioning/Price discrimination: This strategy charges customers different prices for the same product/service .The company (sellers) segments its customers based on their different attributes and charges each group a different price. This contributes to the various models of automobile designed by Ferrari in order to satisfy the quest of every vrsion of the customer need. (www.AINI.com 2008). Bundle Pricing: This is where the seller combines several of its products and offers the bundle at a reduced price(Kotler.et.al 2006) Geographical Pricing: This strategy is applicable where diverse prices are charged according to locations either different parts of the country or different parts of the world. It involves the modification of the main price list based on the geographical location of the buyer. It usually takes into consideration the transportation costs to different locations. 4.2.1 Recommendations for the Pricing Mix Because of the recent global recession, consumers are not willing to spend on luxury goods to be saturated as many consumers perceive the product as a premium product; Ferrari can therefore produce the different model of automobile that can suit different set of people and also at various ranges of prices for its to compete like other competitor like Toyota, Honda, Ford etc at the marketplace. Place Place can also be referred to as the distribution channel which is used by producer or service provider to reach the indented target market. There is need for producer to make its products available in adequate quantities, in convenient locations and at times when customers want to buy them. It is important that producer need to consider not only the needs of their ultimate customers but also the requirement of channel intermediaries, that is those organizations or agents that facilitate the distribution of product to customers. Establishing an appropriate channel of distribution is critical for marketing success. (Jobber 2007:679). To achieve a fully effective marketing mix the element of place is to be studied, this element can be referred to as distribution. Distribution channels are the links that connect marketing organizations together and are used to transfer products from distributor to end consumer or final markets. DIAGRAM 6:DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS (Jobber, 2007:682) The different types of distribution channels are: Direct channels which link the producer directly to the consumer, Indirect channels which vary in length depending on the number of intermediaries, and Hybrid channels. Direct Channels- This form of links does not always happen in Ferrari sales of cars except when the car is to be built customised for the customer in question. This is a gives a direct relationship between Ferrari and the customer. Intermediaries These can vary from sales representative, agents, merchants, wholesalers, retailers, dealers, distributors and franchisee. Their basic roles involve reaching customers at a lower cost per unit than the supplier can achieve directly. Other responsibilities of intermediaries could include stockholding costs, transport and delivery to final customers, breaking bulk and consolidation of orders, and providing local services such as display or after-sales service. Producers must meet intermediarys needs as well as the final customers needs, in some markets; intermediaries may lead the market and promotional effort. Producers put an effort to keep the end customers aware of their intermediarys locations. Disintermediation: The channels efficiency is improved and the cost is cut down by eliminating some layers of the distribution channel. ‘Among the decisions then to be taken is the important one of how products will reach customers. Unless the channels of distribution are appropriate for the type of product and are efficiently operated., even intrinsically good products can end up as failures . . . it is worth spending a considerable amount of time and effort in evaluating alternative ways of ensuring that the channel eventually selected will make its full contribution to the marketing mix. (Chisnall 1995) Ferrari has been able to improve accessibility to their customer by using intermediaries to retail their products all over the world. This shortens the location and time gap between the actual company and its end users. Ferrari also provides some products that provide specialist services. Intensive, selective and exclusive distribution channels ‘Digital technologies are changing the face of distribution. For example, the Internet has changed the distribution of music and video (downloads). And also ‘Mobile networks permit the distribution of such products as music, video and ringtones. In business-to-business markets customers can place orders, receive quotes and track deliveries over the Internet† (Jobber 2007). Exclusive availability, a consumer characteristic that highlights the interest of the consumer to obtain the product individually with a sense of uniqueness is seen with the ability to customize different cars parts to the taste of the customer. According to Adcock (2001) â€Å"any purchase decision made by a customer can be helped by making the products available where potential buyers can find them† (Adcock et al. 2001). Products may be offered directly to the final customer or through a chain of distributor(s), this is also known as the channel choice. The Internet Dynasty The elements limitations have changed with the introduction of the internet market place, the ability to reach customers on a global scale are what multinational firms aim for, putting all their resources and capabilities to ensure that consumers all over the world are able to get their hands on their products. Though the internet has many negative attributes in the minds of many consumers, it still accounts for a large share of Ferrari product enquiries and sales magnitude. Customers are able to receive the same quality of service and even the additional advantages from the comfort of their home. Promotion Promotion could be defined as a way of communicating or passing across of information about a particular product to the public. The major goal of promotion is to notify the public about the product, the benefit of the product and the use of the product (Jobber 2007). Promotion could be classified into 2 categories: Technical promotion: It involves the use of technical presentation of data on the product or service to attract and persuade the potential customer of its merit by using magazines, researched papers, trade conferences, exhibitions, online adverts e.t.c Consumer promotion: It involves devices that promote the product with developing any fundamental relationship but may be effective where customer loyalty is low or especially when a new product is being introduced (Richard lynch 2006: 174) The main task and challenges of an organisation is to combine both technical and consumer promotions to attract and satisfy customer needs and want respectively (Keller and Kotler 2006: 383). The various modes of promotion include the following; Advertising Ferrari will hold a successful position on both magazine and television advertisements and will focus on: The target market (teenagers, young adults, car racers, young and rich customers etc) The frequency of the target market exposed to the advertisement Time to attain the target market On achieving these, it adds value to their product. This is done by alteration of the consumer perceptions. Below-the-line Promotions Car exhibition shows are availed free to make the customers purchase the product. This is the direct method used by Ferrari. This will allow the individual and prospective customer to have a firsthand feel and knowledge about the products. Television-this is a means of communicating to the public through the use of cable television, that is different television stations. This particular medium composes the majority of the media mix. Internet-the high rate of the internet user around the globe has made Ferrari to use the internet as a means of their advertising. Ferrari has launched a website, developed by AKQA, featuring a virtual test drive of its new California model, which will be launched publicly on 2 October 2009 at the Paris Motor Show. Users can watch videos from last weeks industry launch in Maranello, as well as embark on a virtual test drive using footage from Sony PlayStation game Gran Turismo. Hear, See and Feel areas allow visitors to experience the look and sound of the car (source: www.ferarri.it) Magazines-this is another means of advertising been used by Ferrari, this medium is been used to target a particular class of the public b

My Jewish Identity in Conflict Essay -- Personal Narrative Writing

My Jewish Identity in Conflict When I think of my "cultural identity," my religion--Judaism--comes to mind first and foremost. When I think of my Jewish identity in conflict, racism (in my case "anti-Semitism") is the obvious factor. But to fully define my conflict with my religious identity, I cannot only write from personal experiences with racism. I must also include the anti-Semitism that my forefathers have endured, from the beginning of time up to today, ranging from the Spanish Inquisition to the Holocaust, from the massacre at the Munich Olympics to Iraq's actions in the Persian Gulf War. From direct racism and intended hatred to subtle racism in the form of jokes and passing comments, anti-Semitism has played a big part in my life, and a huge part in the history of my religion. From the beginning of time, Jews have been oppressed. Dating back to the times of Moses and on until the 15th century with the Spanish Inquisition, the Jewish people have been prosecuted solely because of their religious beliefs. Their courageous battles over time against their oppressors merit much admiration. Perhaps the Jewish people's greatest tragedy ever is the Holocaust of World War II. In Nazi Germany and throughout Europe in the 1930's and 40's, Jews were branded with yellow arm patches of Jewish stars. They were sandwiched onto boxcars--literally stacked on top of one another--and deported to concentration camps, where the old, the women, and the children were systematically murdered upon arrival. At liberation in 1945, over six million Jews had been killed in these inhumane concentration camps. Somehow, the Jews survived through Adolph Hitler and the Nazis to persevere. But discrimination continued. In 1972 at the Olympic Ga... ...ver hate someone because of their religion, or race, or creed, or descent. It is wrong, and I will never do it. I don't hate Palestinians; I hate their government and their cruel methods of what they call "freedom-fighting" (what most call terrorism). I don't hate Lebanese people; I despise their leader and his slaughterous ways. I used to stand up for my Judaism only in certain times, when I wouldn't feel embarrassed. Now, when my religious identity is challenged, I proudly stand up for my Judaism, defending my heritage at all times. We are taught never to forget. Forgive, but do not forget. Once these historical tragedies are forgotten, they will repeat themselves in disastrous, deadly fashion. It can be stopped. It must be stopped. It's up to each person to do their part. I'm just trying to do mine. A little piece of the puzzle, but each little piece counts.

The Decisions to Bomb the Serbs :: essays research papers

THE DECISION TO BOMB THE SERBS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Decision to Bomb the Serbs was a very interesting case study. It was hard for me to choose a case study but after reading my top three choices I finally came to a conclusion. I never knew about this particular topic, but as I read I was impressed with it, which brought this question to my mind. Should the US have intervened to prevent or end violations of human rights in Kosovo, when these violations did not directly affect other American interests? This was one of the many questions that I and the American public asked themselves, their congressmen and ultimately, their government, during the chaos in the Middle East. It must have been a difficult task to decide whether or not to take action against Milosevic in Belgrade. In this case there are many underlying concepts that shape the way in which the events that led to the bombing of Kosovo played out. I will attempt, in this paper, to discuss the different themes that played a role in this case study. It was thought that the Kosovo crisis came at a time when the President of the United States was most distracted, and could easily have made the wrong decisions. Based on the severity of the situation in Kosovo, one would need to focus on the negotiations necessary to find peace. The Clinton Administration ¡Ã‚ ¦s primary focus was on the pending impeachment of their leader. The case against President Bill Clinton required his undivided attention, as it pertained to his promiscuous actions while in office. The lack of personal attention to this crisis as it developed, may have been the triggering factor that led to many deaths and violent acts of crime that took place in Kosovo. The decision to bomb was one that could not follow the rational method of decision making, even though the goals, alternatives and consequences were known. The US government knew what the primary goal was pertaining to Kosovo, they needed to negotiated or come to some form of middle ground with Milosevic, allowing for peace. They had alternatives to the negotiation process, which was to take military action. The consequence of taking these actions would be the repercussions of the bombings. Even with all this known, it would still be impossible to follow the rational decision-making model as defined by Charles Lindbolm. However, a more appropriate method would be the  ¡Ã‚ ¥Branch Method ¡Ã‚ ¦.

Ney York Times article :: essays research papers

SENATE MAJORITY LEADER Tom Daschle called Cheney’s stance â€Å"unfortunate.† â€Å"The American people have a right to know what the facts are,† Daschle said on CBS’s â€Å"Face the Nation.† â€Å"I think the administration needs to open up, to be willing to be forthcoming with all the information regarding these circumstances.† At issue are meetings Cheney or members of his energy task force held with officials of energy firms, including the now-collapsed Enron Corp., while the energy policy was being formed last year. Cheney spoke on the same day a New York Times/CBS News Poll showed a majority of Americans believe the administration is hiding something or lying about its dealings with Enron. CREATING A ‘CHILL’ Cheney said his office already has given investigators numerous financial and other records. Advertisement What he won’t turn over, despite demands by investigators and Democratic members of Congress, is â€Å"a listing of everybody I meet with, of everything that was discussed, any advice that was received, notes and minutes of those meetings,† Cheney told â€Å"Fox News Sunday.† â€Å"Now, that would be unprecedented in the sense that that’s not been done before. It’s unprecedented in the sense that it would make it virtually impossible for me to have confidential conversations with anybody,† he said. â€Å"You just cannot accept that proposition without putting a chill over the ability of the president and vice president to receive unvarnished advice.† LAWSUIT CONSIDERED David Walker, the head of the General Accounting Office, the investigative arm of Congress, has said he will decide next week whether to file a lawsuit to force the White House to turn over documents on the meetings. Cheney said the GAO is a â€Å"creature of Congress† whose authority does not extend to the White House. â€Å"I’m a constitutional officer, and the authority of the GAO does not extend in that case to my office.† Daschle suggested that Congress could take action beyond the GAO probe. â€Å"We will analyze just what our options are, what prospects there would be for Congress asserting itself,† he said, without elaborating. White House chief of staff Andrew Card agreed with Cheney that the administration’s ability to have confidential talks with advisers should be fiercely guarded. â€Å"I believe very strongly in protecting the privilege of the president† on recommendations that may not come out in public domain, he said on NBC’s â€Å"Meet the Press.† THE ENRON CONNECTION Cheney said the administration’s stance is the same as it was last August, when investigators sought similar information.

Storm Born Chapter Eleven

Someone was screaming in the desert, and I didn't realize it was me until Tim raced over and grabbed my shoulders. â€Å"Jesus! Eugenie, what's wrong?† I broke from him, dropped to my knees, and threw up into a convenient shrub. That soon gave way to endless dry heaves, my body's distress too strong to stop. When I finally finished – it seemed like hours but was probably only a few minutes – I ran my hands over my face. It felt like I had shoved my head through a window, cutting my skin to shreds. Yet, when I pulled my hands back, there was no blood. Apparently convinced I was done bringing up everything in my stomach, Tim carefully handed me a bottle of water. I wiped my mouth with the back of my hand and then drank greedily. When I started to hand the bottle back, he shook his head. â€Å"Keep it. What happened?† â€Å"Transition shock,† came Volusian's flat voice. â€Å"You came through the worlds too hard and too fast, mistress.† â€Å"You should be dead,† added Nandi. â€Å"Or at least segmented.† â€Å"Segmented?† asked Tim. I nodded and drank again. â€Å"If you're not strong enough to make it work, only your spirit will get back here. The body stays in the Otherworld.† He stared. â€Å"Will that kill you?† â€Å"Worse.† â€Å"What's worse than death?† asked a new voice. Or not so new. Wil. I'd forgotten about Wil. I leapt to my feet and spun toward him, gun drawn. Some part of me wondered if I even had bullets left. I'd changed the cartridge once in the Otherworld but couldn't recall how many times I'd fired at Aeson's men. Tim's mouth dropped open. â€Å"Eugenie, put that away!† â€Å"You don't know what he's done. He's a fucking backstabber.† Wil, sitting on the blanket he'd gone into trance on, froze, too afraid to move. But not too afraid to speak. â€Å"I had to. It was the only way to get Jasmine.† â€Å"Yeah, it worked pretty well, huh?† He sounded near tears. â€Å"I'd gone a year without any chance of getting her. Then that sprite cut me the deal. Said if I got you to go over, they'd give me Jasmine back. I'm sorry.† I didn't move the gun. â€Å"I was your only chance to get her back. If you hadn't led us into that trap, we'd be back here with her now.† He groaned, burying his face in his hands. â€Å"I didn't know. I didn't know. I just wanted her so badly.† He looked back up at me. â€Å"What happened? Why did she run away? Was she scared?† â€Å"Maybe. Or it could be that†¦what's that called? Where people help their kidnappers? Stockholm syndrome?† â€Å"What, like Patty Hearst? No. Jasmine wouldn't do that.† I wasn't so sure. She was young and impressionable, and Aeson struck me as a very forceful figure. â€Å"He's too pathetic to kill,† observed Finn after studying Wil for a moment. â€Å"No harm in doing it anyway,† said Volusian. â€Å"Kill him and enslave his soul.† Wil's eyes widened farther. â€Å"Eugenie!† Tim stared at me like I was insane. â€Å"You aren't seriously considering that.† Probably not. Sighing, I lowered the gun. â€Å"Get out of here, Wil. I don't ever want to see you again.† He scrambled to his feet, face falling. â€Å"But Jasmine – â€Å" â€Å"You lost your chance. You blew it. Get in your car before I do something stupid.† Wil hesitated, his face pleading and upset. Then wordlessly he headed toward the trail that led out to a makeshift parking area. I watched him leave, bitter anger boiling up within me. In the distance, thunder rumbled. â€Å"Eugenie†¦Ã¢â‚¬  began Tim hesitantly. A slight wind ruffled his hair. â€Å"I don't want to talk about it. Take me home.† We gathered up his things and walked in the direction Wil had gone. â€Å"Meet me back at my house,† I told the minions. They vanished. Tim had enough sense to leave me alone on the car ride back. I leaned my head against the window, liking the feel of the cool glass against my fevered cheek. So many things had happened tonight, I had no idea what to fixate on first. Jasmine? Wil's betrayal? Aeson's stupid accusation? Kiyo? Yes. Kiyo was probably the safest, which was saying something. My heart had leapt at seeing him again. It was stupid, considering the way he'd used me, but my emotions didn't appear to realize that yet. Why? Why did he have this pull on me when I barely knew him? I didn't believe in love at first sight. And what about the fox thing? I knew of no gentry who could do that, but I did know shape-shifters filled the Otherworld. I'd fought some before but never a fox. Seemed like a weird choice. Perhaps that explained why he hadn't felt gentry. He was something else, not gentry but still Otherworldly. Not much of an improvement. I left Tim as soon as we got home, seeking out the solitude of my room. Well, as much solitude as I could get with the three spirits waiting for me. I threw myself onto the bed, leaning into the corner where the bed sat against the wall. Exhaustion ran through me, and I did and said nothing, staring into the darkness. Thunder rumbled again but seemed fainter now, like the storm had changed its mind. The spirits simply waited and watched me. â€Å"Tell me what just happened.† â€Å"Um, which part?† asked Finn after a minute. â€Å"Any of it. Tell me what Kiyo is. The fox.† â€Å"Oh.† Finn seemed relieved to have a question he could answer. â€Å"He's a kitsune. Japanese fox spirit.† â€Å"Roland taught me hundreds of magical creatures. Never heard of a kitsune.† â€Å"You don't find them around here much,† explained Finn. â€Å"And they're not really dangerous.† â€Å"He looked dangerous enough to me.† â€Å"They carry animal traits into human form,† said Volusian. â€Å"Strength. Speed. A certain sense of aggression.† I thought about sex with Kiyo. Yeah. That had been pretty aggressive. I closed my eyes. â€Å"Why would he mark me and then follow me?† â€Å"I do not know.† It figured. â€Å"Anything else I should know about him? About them?† â€Å"They're usually female. Men are rare. Perhaps his human blood affected that,† said Nandi in her emotionless voice. â€Å"Half-human? Oh. His mother was the kitsune,† I mused, recalling him talking about his parents. â€Å"Yeah,† agreed Finn. â€Å"The women are supposed to be pretty hot. Like sirens. Real seductive. Men can't stay away from them.† â€Å"Like a drug,† added Volusian. I opened my eyes. â€Å"Could he do that too?† â€Å"Possibly.† Suddenly my obsession seemed less weird than twisted. Had he used some sort of sexual power to lure me in? Was that why I couldn't stop thinking about him? â€Å"I guess half-human isn't so bad,† I muttered, speaking out loud without meaning to. I hadn't bedded a full-fledged Otherworldly creature. â€Å"Not bad at all,† agreed Finn happily. â€Å"He's just like you.† â€Å"Stop it,† I snapped. â€Å"That whole thing†¦what Aeson said†¦it's stupid. I don't want to talk about it.† â€Å"And like so much, you ignore what you don't want to hear. Being Storm King's daughter is no small thing.† Volusian's red eyes held my gaze. â€Å"Your bluntness is so endearing.† My stomach turned, but it was now or never. â€Å"All right. I'll bite. Why does Aeson think that?† None of them had an answer right away. The impression I got from them was surprise more than ignorance. â€Å"Because you are, mistress,† said Nandi at last. â€Å"No, I'm not. I'm human.† Volusian crossed his arms over his chest. â€Å"You are half-human, mistress. And as I said, your prejudice blinds you from the truth.† â€Å"One gentry's accusation isn't the truth. Where are the facts?† â€Å"Facts? Very well. Here are facts. Who is your father?† â€Å"Roland.† â€Å"You know what I mean, mistress. Who is your blood father?† â€Å"I don't know. It doesn't matter. My mom always said he was a bastard not worth knowing.† Volusian stared at me expectantly. â€Å"That doesn't prove anything.† â€Å"What about your powers? You are rapidly surpassing every other human shaman. You are equal in strength in both worlds. Do you think it's coincidence that the most powerful shaman in remembered history grew up in Roland Markham's household? He brought you there, taking you from Storm King.† â€Å"From where? Are you saying I was born in the Otherworld?† Volusian inclined his head. â€Å"Storm King abducted your mother and made her his mistress. She bore his child. You.† â€Å"You seemly awfully sure about this.† â€Å"I saw your mother when she lived in the Otherworld. I have seen her in this world. She's the same woman.† â€Å"You're lying.† â€Å"By the power that binds us, you know I am not.† He was right. He couldn't lie to me – not so openly, at least. I knew that, and acknowledging that forced me to put my own world into a new perspective. It might explain why my mother hated the Otherworld so much. Why she and Roland had been adamant about instilling that hate in me, making sure I could never have any empathy with the gentry or anything else from that world. I swallowed and realized I was on the verge of tears. God. That would probably blow the show of strength I always tried to hold around these guys. We needed to get through this interview. â€Å"So, are you saying that's why Roland eventually killed him? To protect me?† â€Å"Among other things. Storm King's invasion was imminent. He had come to claim you. Roland Markham killed him, both saving you and halting Storm King's plans.† â€Å"So Dorian was telling the – wait a minute. He knew! That bastard. He sat there and fed me that stuff about Storm King, knowing who I was!† â€Å"Everyone knows who you are, mistress,† said Nandi. â€Å"It's pretty recent, though,† added Finn, seeing the look on my face. â€Å"Came out only a couple of weeks ago. The same time everyone learned your real name.† â€Å"How?† I glared at Volusian. He had known who I was this whole time. â€Å"Did you tell them?† â€Å"No.† â€Å"Then why didn't you tell me before this? Why didn't any of you tell me when this came out?† They stared. â€Å"Because you did not ask us,† replied Nandi. â€Å"Yes,† agreed Volusian. â€Å"Had you asked us, ‘Am I Storm King's daughter?' we would have gladly – â€Å" â€Å"Oh, shut up.† I rubbed my eyes. I wanted to sleep. I wanted to sleep forever and forget all this. But I had miles to go before I slept, just like in the Robert Frost poem. â€Å"If everyone thought Storm King was so great, then why are they all coming after me? Shouldn't I be some kind of hero? Instead they want to kill me.† â€Å"Most aren't trying to kill you, unfortunately. They're trying to bed you, mistress.† â€Å"Why?† â€Å"Probably because of the prophecy,† said Nandi. â€Å"Prophecy,† I said dryly. â€Å"Wonderful. Now there's a prophecy.† â€Å"Mistress,† she said hastily, â€Å"had you asked us if there was a prophecy – â€Å" â€Å"Yeah, yeah. I know. What's this one say? That I'm a good lay?† Finn hesitated. â€Å"Well†¦it says Storm King's vision will be carried out through his daughter's first son. That the human world will be reconquered.† â€Å"You're kidding.† Oh, God, I wanted to sleep. â€Å"When they found out you didn't have kids yet, everyone – well, every guy – wanted to get in on the action. Being the one to father Storm King's heir would be a pretty big deal.† â€Å"Likewise,† added Volusian, â€Å"the prophecy says Storm King's daughter will clear the way for her son. Being your consort would carry great prestige.† â€Å"Hey, I'm not clearing the way for any invasion. Not that I believe in prophecies. Not that I believe in any of this! In fact, that prophecy proves how stupid this all is. I wouldn't turn against my own kind.† I swear Volusian smiled. â€Å"Yes, but which people truly are your own kind? Your loyalties are now divided.† My anger flared. â€Å"No. Even if this is true and I am the daughter of the biggest gentry badass ever, I know where my loyalties are. I'm human. I act human. I have no gentry powers.† â€Å"As you say, mistress.† â€Å"Get out of here. All of you. None of this is true. I'll talk to my parents and clear this up.† Volusian bowed. â€Å"A wise idea, mistress.† I said the words to send them away and then lay on my bed. The storm had quieted outside, but one of my own raged inside me. I wanted to shut down my feelings. I wanted to forget all of this, because it wasn't true. It couldn't be. I wanted to take one of the prescription sleeping pills, but I didn't need Roland's warnings to know how stupid that would be. If every gentry was suddenly hot to get me pregnant, I couldn't let my guard down. I shouldn't have been able to sleep. Not after fighting gentry and seeing a girl run back to them. Not after learning my one-night stand was a kitsune. Not after discovering that I could very well be something I hated. Something that made me question everything I'd ever believed in. No, I shouldn't have been able to sleep at all, but my body knew better as tiredness flowed over me. My body knew I'd been up all night, that I'd fought and been injured. And most important, it knew my fight wasn't over. Not by a long shot.

Political power

Does political power Acquisition always lead to negative outcomes? I do not believe this because it has many gains. Power could be defined as authority and strength which may include any form of physical force or energy, ability to act, or control. Thus, when it comes to political power, power means an ability to control an area or people for specific outcomes. Political power is that form of power that an individual or a society hold and it can be achieved in various methods. This power might be used as a tool to achieve positive outcomes such as bringing the prosperity to the members of society, can positively be used to influence people to take a particular course of action, to suppress any external aggression, power can also be used crash rebellions from within the state and it can also be used in making individuals in a state to stay peacefully and obedient to the states law. Political power might also be used as a tool to produce negative outcomes such as establishing a dictatorship,   can be used to silence people who might be demanding for their rights, can be used in imposing your will on others forcefully and it can also be used to suppress and deny people to enjoy their rights. The meaning of using Political power negatively was clearly represented in the book ‘Animal Farm’ By George Orwell who Portrays how the negative use of political power. However, although George Orwell predominantly represents a negative use of Political power, it is highly unlikely that the acquisition of political power does not always lead to negative outcomes. The positive side political power is that it can be used in suppressing external aggression that might be directed to a particular state. It is power that a country or a state has that prevents other nations from interfering with the internal affairs of a country. This power is seen when military personnel are placed along the borderline that might be used by the aggressors in attacking. Any state that is unable to protect its national affairs is not worthy to be a sovereign state. This is because a sovereign state is that state that has its government, territory, and citizens and is able to protect its interests as well as the interests of the slate. This power is clearly portrayed in (Orwell G. I956; 45-54) when Mr. Jones armed with a shotgun appeared in what seemed to be a trial to recapture the animal farm. Mr. Jones together with about six men descended on the animal farm through the five barred gate carrying weapons like sticks but me Jones had a gun. He talked to his neighboring farmers Nilkington and Fredrick to help him in recapturing the farm. Finally the animals were able to chase these men out thus, they successfully safeguarded their sovereignty. This fight came to be named as â€Å"The battle of the cowshed† during their victory celebration. Another example of when power is used to prevent external aggression is of Cuba when what seemed to be self exiled Cubans who had sought refuge in United States of America turned to be rebels and attacked their own country with the help from USA. Fidel Castro organized his military men and within a short time the rebellion was crushed. Fidel had overestimated their power by directing all his military force on his enemies. Were it not for his powerful army, the rebels could have subjugated his country. Secondly, power can be used to suppress internal resistance or rebellion. When people start opposing the government that is place for no good reason, the country destabilizes, peace deteriorates and the economy of the country collapses. To prevent all these misfortunes, states use power in preventing or crushing those rebellions. This either done peacefully through dialogue but if it fails to be productive then, the only other alternative is to use force. A classic example of this is in the animal farm where snowball and Napoleon disagreed on the idea of constructing a windmill that would generate electric power that would be used in pumping water in each stall as well as heating these rooms. To show his displeasure, Napoleon decided to pee on Mr. Snowball’s sketches. Later when the animals convened for the weekly meeting, Snowball tried selling his idea to them but Napoleon appeared with nine veracious dogs that he had been rearing in secret. They descended on Snowball who fled out of the farm. When other animals tried to protest, a trained sheep silenced them by bleating at the top of her voice while singing that â€Å"Four legs good, two legs bad† while those dogs barked loudly (Orwell G., 1956; 85-90) Thirdly, power can be used in promoting and maintaining internal peace and stability. A good government is that which is capable of maintaining peace and providing security to its people. No government can do this if it does not have the required mandate or power to do so. A government is said to be in power if it is capable of commanding its police and its army. This is also clearly exemplified in the (Orwell G., 1956; 94-96) Napoleon who became the sole ruler after chasing Snowball became the one who controlled the dogs that he was rearing in order to achieve power. He used these dogs in reinforcing laws and ensuring that the animals obeyed the laws and ensuring that the animals obeyed the laws to the letter. Another example where power is used to maintain order is in the states of America. Every state has its governor, and its law enforcement agencies. The main aim of this is to ensure that people do not break the rule of law and abide by it. Just like the way police shoot criminals, that is what Napoleon’s dogs did. For example they ripped open the throats of the four pigs which confessed to have protested against the actions of Napoleon. (Grayston L.2000: 58-62) Fourth, power can be used to influence other people in taking or following certain desired course of action. For example, people, who are regarded as experts, have certain influential power. People tend to believe them and are assumed to know everything. Also if you are believed to have good characteristics, then you can highly influence others for example Oprah Winfrey is much capable of persuading and influencing many people in the whole world because of his attitude of believing in herself. For example, the squalor used his oratory skills to influence other animals. He even applied gestures to emphasize his points. Squalor that had round cheeks and shrilled voice tone talked brilliantly and when arguing a difficulty points, he swayed from side to side something that attracted many animals not forgetting the wagging and whisking of his tail. (Orwell G., 1956; 36) Power can positively used to create regimes, state or dynasties. Most dynasties in bible came to be because of power. This was after defeating many simple communities who were obstacles to their development here power was used to crush their resistance. This also happened in the same and made it to reach to its highest power levels. (Seagrave S. 1986; 103) On the other side of the coin, power can be destructive in that it can be used as a tool for establishing dictatorship or anarchism.   Here individuals misuse power so that they would become authoritarians. In dictatorial regimes the leader is above the law thus, no law on the land that is applicable to him. In other words, his deeds are not subject to questioning. This power misuse is evident in the Animal Farm (Orwell G., 1956; 42-47) Napoleon and Snowball were both pigs who almost disagreed in every thing. The final straw came when they disagreed on a project to construct a windmill that would generate electricity power to the farm. Napoleon used his secret weapon, nine dogs that were secretly reared to attack Snowball and chasing him away. They were both supposed to be the leaders of this farm but Napoleon usurped it after snowball was chased. These dogs were like policemen. They defended his laws, enforced it and offered him protection. He never walked outside alone without being accompanied by these dogs on both sides. He used these powers to alter the law as he pleased without consulting anyone and used his dogs to impose it on other animals. Another case where political power was used to create dictatorship is in Italy and Germany. Mussolini and Hitler used their political powers to ascend to power. They used the same force to clear anybody who stayed on their way. The same force was used to suppress their subjects in to submission of their laws. Hitler killed about six million Jews using his troops. After the First World War, he conquered and acquired other countries’ territories by force. Though this stabilized his country, it destabilized others. For example France lost its two provinces; Lorraine and Alsace to Germany. (Richard E., 2005: 250-252) It is used to silencing the voice of the people especially when they are demanding for their rights. This mostly is applied to those individuals who hold different opinions about the government or those who are referred to as radicalists. These are the people who are the watchdogs of human rights or whistle blowers. Many regimes have been noted to have used their political powers to silence these people either by giving them death threats or they are arrested and never tried. A good example of where power was misused in this way was in the Animal Farm. Napoleon used his veracious dogs to silence his fellow animals by killing them. For instance, the four pigs who protested after napoleon victimized snowball were killed. Their throats were ripped open by these dogs. Also the hen ringleaders who were protesting against lack of enough food and yet they were expected to lay eggs which would be used in buying grains for other animals to eat. They were killed immediately after they confessed that they incited other hens to lay their eggs from rafters so that they could smash on the ground. (Orwell G., 1956; 95) Also power is negatively used by leaders to protect their personal interests as opposed to those of the majority. Leaders change or alter laws so as to suit their selfish ends. For example in the past there was a law that said that four legs were good and two legs bad. This was made with an objective of discouraging any relationship with human beings but later after there was a shortage of seeds and other supplies, the pigs started trading with people in their neighborhood. A law that prohibited animals from sleeping in beds was altered to read that â€Å"No animal shall sleep in bed with sheets† this was altered with a motive of allowing the pigs to sleep in bed but without sheets. Another power misuse is of leaders who kill their opponents. Some people use their political powers in clearing these people who they refer as obstacles. Saddam was said to have killed about hundred and forty eight Shiites who were against his government. (Joseph B. 2003; 125) Political powers can be used in acquiring the properties of others illegally. When state of lawlessness exists, the strong ones take those of the weak. It is misused by avaricious leaders in amassing wealth by illegal means for example, (Orwell G.1956; 34-35) manor a 12 years boar who had earlier won the farm’s prize called a meeting of all the animals so that he could tell them about his dream and the prophesies he had. He also taught them a song called (Beasts of England). After he died, his prophesy and dream came true when Snowball and Napoleon rebelled against Mr. Jones land after he became obsessed with beer. He never fed his animals and this forced them to break in to the grain store. When Mr. Jones came with his hired men, the animals chased them away and usurped the power. After looking critically looking the pros and cons of political power, the positive side or the pros outweighs the negative effects of power. This because power when used well it brings out significant changes like good government, external aggressions are controlled. This is what makes a state to be sovereign. Power can also be used in acquiring new territories and properties that would increase the wealth and economic base of the country whereas it can negatively impact on the type of government in place, it can be used in silencing people but this issue can be addressed by the constitution and the international criminal court. This essay can be concluded by saying that acquisition of power does not always lead to negative outcomes, as there are many positive uses of power than the negative ones. The positive uses are like protecting the nation against external attacks, maintaining peace, crushing rebellions within the state, to positively influence people and on the other hand it can be misused in bringing anarchy, suppressing the subject from airing their grievances, leaders imposing their will on others and when used uncontrollably it can lead to abuse of human rights. Reference: Seagrave Sterling. The Soong Dynasty. Harper:   trade paperback publisher. Seagrave   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sterling.1985; 58 Orwell G. The Animal Farm: a Fairly Story. Signet Classic, USA. 1956. 36-96. Joseph B. The new Iraq: Rebuilding the Country for its People, the Middle East and the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   World. New York, Basic Books.   2003; 125. Scott R E: Solving the Iraq Crisis. NCY: Simon and Scruster. 2002:78 Richard E. The Dictator: Hitler’s German, Stalin’s Russia. Penguin Books. 2005: 250-  Ã‚  Ã‚   252 Grayston L. Decision for Disaster: Betrayal at the Bay of Pigs. Potomac Books Dulles    Virginia 2000; 58-62.