Body and gender representation Essay

The general public is also the intended audience for this movie. Here, woman is represented as a jobless, single mother, a situation that many women in society find themselves in. Out of desperation, Brokovich presses her lawyer to give her a job in his firm and was given a clerical position. However, she was not treated with seriousness because she did not conform to the dress and manners required of an office employee. In the course of her work, she came across information about a company depositing toxic chemicals that polluted the local water supply. She takes an active role in building a case against the company. Gender representation is consistent with cultural norms in that women are mothers whose role is to nurture their children. However, the strength, assertiveness, intelligence, efforts to control and direct life and active involvement in social issues portrayed by Brokovich departs from cultural norms which dictate that women be passive, dependent or should focus their time on domestic affairs. This female representation is very positive. Les Miserables (1998) An adaptation of the French classic novel, the movie is again for general patronage. In line with the novel, the film portrays an ex-convict Jean Valjean who commits crime but soon establishes a new life under a new identity. He builds a business employing the poor and disadvantaged and upon the dying wishes of a prostitute whom he defended from unjust imprisonment and whom he took care of while sick, raises her daughter as his own. He does everything to ensure her safety, education, home, social standing and financial security. Gender representation in this film is positive. Male representation moves away from the cultural norm of detached and not domestically inclined father. Here, Valjean takes on the nurturing role, selfless with a strong stance against the oppression of both women and men. However, this was not carried out in the traditional manner of knight in shining armor or as a male holding a position of power but rather as a struggling person helping his fellow poor. The representation of women was through Fantine, an unwed mother whom poverty forced into prostitution and her daughter who was enslaved and abused by the family to whom she was initially entrusted. The woman in this family was particularly cruel. This portrayal of women as traditionally helpless, discriminated and taken advantage of but who can also take on the role of oppressor provides a realistic view of the variety of roles that women take on in society. Pictures 1. This photo in a magazine’s swim suit edition portrays femininity in terms of physical beauty. This is defined as flawless hair, clear skin with an excellent tone, slimness and curves. This representation is consistent with society and male’s standard of femininity and beauty to which a woman’s worth may be judged. Because women’s bodies are different and the average woman does not look like her at all, its impact on women is negative. It leads them to become dissatisfied with their bodies which results in a poor body image and low self-esteem. It also reinforces women’s gender roles of preoccupation with beauty. In regarding themselves as defective and in cultivating the desire to attain the model’s looks and body, women will spend much time, effort and money. The target audience of the magazine includes teen-agers and young women who are potential buyers of the product being advertised. 2. The strong, muscular and aggressive stance of the male in this photo, which appeared in a magazine for women, represents current cultural norms regarding masculinity which encompasses male gender roles of taking the active part, dominant, capable and powerful. It reflects traditional views that men cannot be soft, weak, puny or vulnerable. Men are affected negatively by this representation because it also establishes a standard that they have to conform to. It establishes that these physical characteristics are what women would find appealing but like women, men are also different. Hence, those men who do not possess the physical attributes portrayed by this model will feel insecure and would also attempt to build their physique and the matching attitude. 3. The intended audience for this picture is also women. Aside from portraying femininity in terms of beauty, femininity is also represented as youth and sensuality. The dress, the body parts revealed and position of the model are both sexy and seductive. It reflects the traditional view of women as sex objects and their role as a source of male sexual fantasy and satisfaction. Similarly, this representation is negative because it implies that in order to be desired by men, women have to have the proper physical attributes of breasts, legs and buttocks such as portrayed. It impacts most especially on the self-esteem of older women since age diminishes the physical characteristics perceived as desirable. Wrinkles, age spots and decreasing muscle tone, which occur within the normal course of an older woman’s life, are now regarded as their adversary.

International Organizations and World Order Essay

After First World War, there was call for formation of international organization to bring order in the world. The notion led to the formation of the League of Nations due to the conviction of the then president of the United States of America, President Woodrow Wilson who was certain that the move would prevent future conflict if only nations would come together to defend the principles of self-determination and independence. The progress of the League of Nations was thwarted when the United States refused to join it. It was also thwarted by the extremist political ideologies and power rivalry that existed at that time in history, which was 1930s. Due to the outbreak of Second World War that ended in 1945, there was more concern that led to the formation of another international organization in the name of United Nations. The Bretton woods conference, which is the reason for the existence International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank as well as the Dumbarton Oaks Conference came to existence in 1944. The foundation do the United Nation was laid by the allies of the organization (Owen, 1996). According to Owen (1996, p. 9) most of the international organizations were formed with an intention of reconstructing Europe, which was seriously devastated after the war against Nazi Germany. Most of the International organizations that were formed after World War II became more active in the 1960 where their activities were expanded to meet the new challenges because of European colonization, which included independent but politically immature and poor nations in Latin America, African and Asia. Most of the international organizations were started in the 19the century. Owen (1996, p. 10) states that â€Å"More recently, with the uncertainties and instabilities which have followed the ending of the Cold War, international organizations have stepped in to cope with the effects of the resulting conflicts and tensions, many of them within states rather than between states n the process, many UN bodies have been found wanting. The office f the United Nations Disaster Relief Coordinator (UNDRO), for example was founded in 1971. † Some of the international organizations include regional Arab Maghreb Union (AMU), which was formed in 1989 with an objective of establishing common military, cultural and economic policies to ensure free movement of goods, services and people between member states. The Member nations of Arab Maghreb Union include Morocco, Libya, Algeria, Tunisia and Mauritania (Schafer, Verbist, & Imhoos, 2005). Another International Organization is Asia Pacific Economic co-operation Forum (APEC) was formed in 1989 to promote linearization of economy in the Pacific region. Association of South East Asian nations (ASEAN) was formed in 1967 to replace ASA (Association of South East Asia). The member nations of ASEA include Australia, United States of America, Japan and New Zealand. The main objective of the organization is to promote common economic, political and trading policies. There is also another international organization in the name of Caribbean Community (CARICOM), which was formed in 1965 to ensure economic cooperation in Caribbean common market, to put in place common policies in education, health, culture, industrial relation and communication and to coordinate foreign policy among the member nations. The affiliations of the CARICOM according to Owen include â€Å"Caribbean Development Bank; Caribbean Examinations Council; Caribbean Meteorological Organization; Council of Legal Education; University of Guyana; University of the West Indies; West Indies Shipping Corporation†. The Common wealth is another important international organization that is in forefront trying to address contemporary global issues. Commonwealth was formed in 1884 and it grew out of the British Empire. The objectives of the Commonwealth are to enable nations from different parts of the world to exchange opinions in an informal, friendly and intimate atmosphere. Commonwealth has member nations, which according to Owen (1996, p. 11) include â€Å"Australia, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Botswana, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Cyprus, and Dominica. Others are: Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guyana, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritius, Namibia, Nauru, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, St Kitts-Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent and the Grenadines, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, the United Kingdom, Vanuatu, Western Samoa, Zambia, Zimbabwe. † There are several other International organizations such as Commonwealth of Independent States, Council of Europe, European free trade association (EFTA), European union (EU), gulf co-operation council (GCC), Mercosur (Mercado Commun del Sur-southern common market), African union (AU), Organization of American States (OAS), Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC), South Pacific Forum, Southern African Development Community (SADC) among others. According to Mendlovitz (1966, p5) â€Å"Law has too often been conceived in static terms as a system of order designed to uphold the status quo. In any legal system, whether national, regional, or global in scope, law also has a dynamic aspect which allows it to make a contribution to projects for social change. † Saul Mendlovitz further states that â€Å"international law to the postulated goal of a warless world with an excerpt from an article that considers how law might help us move from where we are to where we would like to be; it is this gap that creates what we have called the transition problem. † In this new age, there has emerged a vas and ancient worldwide conspiracy called the New World Order, which aims to unite the entire world under one government. The New World Order concept was introduced into the dictionary of the international politics after the collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe (Slaughter, 2004). The former president of the United States of America George Bush was the first who strongly invoke the idea in response to the Gulf crisis. Therefore, the concept traced to 1991, when Iraq invaded Kuwait and when the cold war ended. According to Ismael (1994), he states that â€Å"Thus, the end of the cold war and Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait in August 1991 constitute the historical reference points for the concept. This suggests at least two dimensions in its meaning: the end of an international order determined by the struggle for hegemony between the United States and the Soviet Union; and the initiation of a U. S. foreign policy doctrine based on U. S. hegemony in the international order. † When president George Bush was waging a war of words with the then the president of Iraq Saddam Hussein in 1990 he demonized him and referred to his effort as an attempt to establish a new world order (Wells, 2008). Many were excited by the effort of Bush at first because they thought the president of the United States was promoting democracy in the region as he had done in the Eastern Europe. Unfortunately that was not to be realized as Ishmael (1994) says, Bush was determined in establishing hegemony. The region after the gulf war in Iraq and Kuwait has remained unstable politically. According to Lloyd (2002, p. 1) New world Order was a fragile creation that emerged after September 11 attack. Lloyd states, â€Å"Before 11 September, the new (left) world order was a tentative, even fragile, creation. It emerged from new Labor in 1997 as an ethical dimension in foreign policy, announced by the then foreign secretary, Robin Cook, as a natural extension of the globe’s interdependence. The world had become a moral forum through the media and the work of non-governmental organizations (NGOs). † The world was at peace before the attack on the United States to the extent that most world leaders praised the state in which the world was. Some of the people who were at the forefront of the new idea of new world order are Robert cooper and Anthony Giddens, a senior diplomat and a director of the London school of Economics respectively. Giddens was for the idea that globalization could then take place because there was a state of peace that was a recipe to one global governance. The globalization, he argued would transfer power from the nations into the global space leading to the call for the need of regulation to guide the governance. Copper on the other hand argued that new world order will lead to a shift in value where there will be a victory of values of individual of those of state and those of market over the military ones and foreign policy will no longer to be about war (Lloyd, 2002, p. 1). International court creation came in to being after two attempts to organize an international court had failed (Mower, 1931, p. 616). Before there was, a court called The Hague Permanent Court of International Arbitration, which could not provide the much-needed justice in the international level as the current International Criminal Court. Other international courts deal with different legal issues. For instance, there are courts that deal with human rights at the international level, which include African Court of Justice (ACJ), African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR), European Court of Human Rights and International-American Court of Human rights. Others include International Court of Justice (ICJ), International Criminal Court (ICC), and Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), Resource materials on International Courts and Special International Criminal Courts and Tribunals. According to Class Action Publisher (2008), there are seven special international criminal courts and tribunal, which include Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC), International Criminal tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). Others are â€Å"Regulation 64† Panels in the Courts of Kosovo, special Courts for Sierra Leone, Special panels of the District Court of Dili (East Timor) and War Crimes Chambers (WCC) in Sarajevo- within the state court. All these international courts have well designed objective and operation guidelines. International criminal Court established in 1998 by Rome statute and it is the first permanent court to hear international criminal claim. The court has a role to hear cases that are regarded as most serious such as crime against humanity, war crimes and genocide (Janis, 1992). It does not deal with cases that occurred prior it its institution but only to those crimes that have been committed after July 1, 2002. ICC does not deal with cases that have been committed by legal entities but natural persons. It can act on cases when the cases have been referred to it by the United Nations’ Security Council or with consent of the affected state. The International Criminal Court takes up a case or jurisdiction only as the last resort when all the national avenues have been completely exhausted (Buhler & Webster, 2005). The nations have been endowed with the responsibility of international crimes but when a state is unwilling to pursue justice, delays in pursuing justice or it shows impartiality of dealing with international crimes then the ICC takes up the matter. This may also result from unavailability of proper judicial system or if the state is unable to carry out the proceeding. Over one hundred nations worldwide subscribe to the Rome statute that established the ICC exclusive of the United States of America. United States revoked the signature of the former president Bill Clinton that was due to lack of checks and balance of the ICC. The ICC gives considerable rights to victims which include attending the proceeding of the court have having their concerns considered; being represented by counsel and interrogating witnesses; seeking monetary compensation after conviction and seeking preservation of defendant assets pending trial. The ICC has four major organs namely judicial divisions, the presidency, office of the prosecutor and the registry, which have different roles that help the court to achieve its objectives (Schafer, Verbist & Imhoos, 2005). The international courts have been able to provide effective enforcement of international legal instruments in different countries. Many countries have suffered from the art of war, which have seen many people suffer thereby depriving them of their human rights. Individuals for their own personal and selfish reasons started some of the wars that have caused suffering to citizens of the affected nations. Being well connected to the political order of the day most perpetrators of the crimes that lead to the abuse of human right cannot be properly persecuted in their respective countries. Other reasons that have made it possible for the perpetrators of the crime of high magnitude is the fact that most countries where such crimes are committed lack proper judicial system that is independent, impartial and ineffective. This has led to transfer of many cases to the international courts or to the ICC (Barker, 2004. ) International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda is an existing testimony to the effectiveness of the International Courts. In Rwanda where the conflict started between the Tutsi and the Hutu tribes in 1994, many people belonging to the Tutsi tribe were killed in the Genocide. The total number of the Tutsi that were killed is estimated to be over five hundred thousand people. In response to the crime, the United Nation Security Council created the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda in November of 1994 to prosecute crimes genocide and violation of the Geneva Convention. The ICTR is a subsidiary organ under chapter VII of the United Nations Charter of the Security Council under article 29 (Barker, 2004). International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda has completed over fifty trials so far and of the accused persons, 29 have been convicted of crime (Klip & Sluiter, 200). About eleven people are on trial, others waiting trial, some are to be transferred to the national jurisdiction trial while others are still unconfined. The first person was tried three years after the formation of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda in 1997 and he was Jean-Paul Akayesu. Jean Kambanda also pleaded guilty after wards. The tribunal has also issued arrest warrant to some suspects that are thought to have played a role or orchestrated the genocide like Kabuga Felicien. International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda issued an international arrest warrant for Felicien in 1999 where he was charged with complicity in genocide, genocide and conspiracy to commit genocide. The action of the international court in Rwandan genocide has achieved a lot in the nation and it has sent a clear message to the whole world. With arrest, trial and judgment of the suspects of the unfortunate occurrence, peace and order has been restored in Kigali because the Tutsi who were the main victim of all sorts of crime committed feel that justice has finally prevailed and cannot think of revenge and other notions that might lead to civil war again. The action has also sent a right signal to anybody in Ruanda and all over the world that any perpetrators of such crime will not escape the long arm of justice. Therefore, in reality International Court has succeeded in pursuing justice and is in the right path of ensuring that there is a peaceful planet where the innocent are vindicated while the guilty are condemned (Klip & Sluiter, 200).

Essay Ine

A GRADE ESSAY SKILLS – â€Å"PEAE† BY TOM LAW Email:[email  protected] com. hk A GRADE ESSAY SKILLS- â€Å"PEAE† FOR HKDSE/HKAL BY TOM LAW A GRADE ESSAY SKILLS – â€Å"PEAE† BY TOM LAW Email:[email  protected] com. hk HKAL BAFS MARKS (25) NUMER OF POINTS MARKS (20) NUMER OF POINTS 8+8+9 3+3+3 8+12 3+4 10+15 4+4 20 7 12+13 4+4 25 8 A GRADE ESSAY SKILLS – â€Å"PEAE† BY TOM LAW Email:[email  protected] com. hk EXAMPLE 1 Nowadays franchising is a common way to go into a business. From the perspective of a franchisee, discuss the major benefits and drawbacks of operating a coffee shop under franchise. (25) , (25) EXAMPLE 2 Explain the major characteristics of an effective control system (10) (10) A GRADE ESSAY SKILLS – â€Å"PEAE† BY TOM LAW Email:[email  protected] com. hk EXAMPLE 3 Describe the different aspects to be considered in setting quality control standards for (i) companies in manufacturing industries a nd (ii) companies in service industries. (13) (i) (ii) (13) EXAMPLE 4 Illustrate with examples the measures that service business in Kong Kong might adopt to manage the quantity of (I) services demanded and (ii) services supplied. 12) , (i) (ii) (12) A GRADE ESSAY SKILLS – â€Å"PEAE† BY TOM LAW Email:[email  protected] com. hk EXAMPLE 5 A jewelry company is considering the use of financial incentives and job enrichment to enhance the job performance of its (I) sales people (ii) jewelry designers Evaluate the effectiveness of using financial incentives to enhance the job performance of these two types of employees (12) (I) (ii) ? (12) A GRADE ESSAY SKILLS – â€Å"PEAE† BY TOM LAW Email:[email  protected] com. k PEAE LIST/ ? P+E DISCUSS/ P+E+A ELABORATE/? ? P+E+A EXPLAIN/ P+E+A DESCRIBE/ P+E+A ILLUSTRATE WITH EXAMPLES/? P+E+A ANALYSE/ P+E+A+E EVALUATE/? ? P+E+A+E A GRADE ESSAY SKILLS – â€Å"PEAE† BY TOM LAW Email:[emai l  protected] com. hk PEAE Point Elaboration Application Evaluation A GRADE ESSAY SKILLS – â€Å"PEAE† BY TOM LAW Email:[email  protected]. com. hk PEAE P: E: + A: E: ( / ) A GRADE ESSAY SKILLS – â€Å"PEAE† BY TOM LAW Email:[email  protected] com. hk PEAE LIST/ ? P+E DISCUSS/ P+E+A ELABORATE/? ? P+E+A EXPLAIN/ P+E+A DESCRIBE/ P+E+A ILLUSTRATE WITH EXAMPLES/? P+E+A ANALYSE/ P+E+A+E EVALUATE/? ? P+E+A+E A GRADE ESSAY SKILLS – â€Å"PEAE† BY TOM LAW Email:[email  protected] com. hk EXAMPLE 5 A jewelry company is considering the use of financial incentives and job enrichment to enhance the job performance of its (I) sales people (ii) jewelry designers a) Evaluate the effectiveness of using financial incentives to enhance the job performance of these two types of employees (12) (I) (ii) a) (12) †¢ 12 marks= 4 points POINT More effective in enhancing the job performance of sales people / ELABORATION Sales performance is more measurable/ APPLICATION Higher sales figures imply better sales performance/ EVALUATION why not applicable to jewelry designers/ the idea of fashion, dignity or beauty is quite abstract and subjective. There are no standards or guidelines to tell exactly what it should be. A GRADE ESSAY SKILLS – â€Å"PEAE† BY TOM LAW Email:[email  protected] com. hk EXAMPLE 5 A jewelry company is considering the use of financial incentives and job enrichment to enhance the job performance of its (I) sales people (ii) jewelry designers a) Evaluate the effectiveness of using financial incentives to enhance the job performance of these two types of employees (12) (I) (ii) a) (12) The use of financial incentives are more effective in enhancing the job performance of sales people than jewelry designers.For sales people, sales performance is more measurable and therefore easier to link with financial incentives. For example, financial incentives can usually be performed by solely considering the sales figures. Higher sales figures imply better sales performance and financial incentives should be distributed to those who perform well. But for jewelry designers, the job of them is difficult to quantify and therefore difficult to link financial incentives with performance. For example, the idea of fashion, dignity or beauty is quite abstract and subjective. There are no standards or guidelines to tell exactly what should be.Even though the sales figure of the new design is optimistic, it may not be the result of the marvelous design but may be the hard work of salespersons. Numerical data can not fully show the value of work done by the designers. Thus, financial incentive is impractical. , , , , ?, ?, , , ,? , , SAMPLE ESSAY EMAIL: [email  protected] com. hk TOM LAW

Environmental Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Environmental Law - Essay Example In particular Judge Weeramantry discussed environmental issues relative to the threat and use of nuclear weapons. Judge Weeramentry specifically noted that the use of nuclear weapons â€Å"endangers the human environment in a manner which threatens the entirety of life on the planet†.3 Judge Weeramentry went on to state that although there was no binding international law relative to the use and threat of nuclear weapons, based on its destructive nature and the threat to human life, health and the environment in general, there was sufficient basis in international laws particularly humanitarian laws to outlaw the use and the threat of the use of nuclear weapons.4 The main contributions of the ICJ in terms of international environmental law is divided into the Corfu Channel case and the Nuclear Tests case and the Barcelona Traction case. These cases essentially establish the international law with respect to transborder environmental damages and the introduction of the doctrine of erga omnes. In this regard, the ICJ held in the Barcelona Traction case: An essential distinction should be drawn between the obligation of a state towards the international community

Business to Business Marketing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business to Business Marketing - Term Paper Example The paper tells that the Business to Business marketing is rigidly structured in nature, i.e. it is less flexible in comparison to the Business to Consumer market. As the consumers, in this context, are business people having higher bargaining power, the company who is involved in this section needs to put more effort to attract the customers. To attract the customers, personal selling is more preferable rather than advertisement in this type of marketing, as the organizations rarely pay attention to the advertisement. The customers in this context are mostly organizations themselves and tend to know the very marketing trick which stands as one of the reasons to avoid advertisement. Here, the intermediates have no role to play as it mostly involve with direct selling or direct channels to its customers. It is worth mentioning here that relationship made with the customers is usually long lasting and very complex in nature which plays a significant role in the Business to Business mar keting. Competition level experienced is high in this process due to which the organizations dealing with Business to Business operations attempt in establishing effective and interdependent relationship with its customers so as to secure its position in the market. Goods which are produced for Business to Business marketing are very different from those goods which are produced for general consumers in the market. This is because the need of the goods and the customers themselves are very different in both the cases, but the intention remains same i.e. selling the products and attaining significant customer satisfaction. Various ways are being followed for the purpose of classifying these types of goods (Brennan & et. al., 2010). They are as follows: Entering Goods In this context, finished goods of one organization tend to become raw material of other organization. For instance, aluminum can be used by the company, which is producing electronic products, as raw materials (Brennan & et. al., 2010). Here, finish goods of one company is the raw material of the other which are necessary as the resources used by the later organization to manufacture its product. Foundation Goods Foundation goods are those goods which are used by other organizations (customers) as a support for making their own goods. This includes goods which are installed or used as accessories by the other organization, such as car producing company uses tyre manufactured by other companies (Brennan & et. al., 2010). Here, tyre has not been used as the raw materials but the part of the finished goods as a much necessary substance. Facilitating Goods Goods which are purchased by the company with an intention to achieve its goals and objectives are known as facilitating goods. These goods are not used in manufacturing purpose by the purchasing company. For instance, BPO

FILM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

FILM - Essay Example During this time, independents and large film companies had bitter and sometimes violent clashes. The main themes of this program are universal appeals of silent films across the world and the success of moviemaking in Hollywood, because of its fitting climate and environment. This program shows the negative effects of successful films on actors. Roscoe Fatty Arbuckle is one of the most despised comedian actors, who later on became charged and acquitted of manslaughter. The need to regulate the movie industry’s unsuitable scenes emerged and filmmakers practiced self-censorship through following Hollywoods Production Code. Hollywood produced numerous successful movies about the war, which expanded the motion industry further. These films showed imagination and realism in depicting the causes and effects of war. They included wonderful scenes and breathtaking actions. This program focuses on the lives of several well-known stuntmen. They were the people behind exciting action and gag scenes. The themes are underpaid and underappreciated stuntmen and the rise of dangerous stunts. This program profiles Gloria Swanson and Rudolph Valentino. It shows the difference between appearance and reality. These actors are successful in real life and had charming personalities, but their film characters clashed from their true personalities. This program focuses on two of Hollywoods best directors, Cecil B. DeMille and Erich Von Stroheim. They had similar perfectionist attitudes, but DeMille worked within the system while Von Stroheim fought against it. It showed the role of bureaucracy in Hollywood. This program illustrates the comedy geniuses of Harry Langdon, Harold Lloyd, Buster Keaton, and Charlie Chaplin. The main themes are comedy as a serious business and comedians as intelligent and creative actors. This program shows the difficulties of filming

Brief introductory description of physiology of the central nervous Essay

Brief introductory description of physiology of the central nervous system related to Parkinson's disease - Essay Example This is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system that ultimately targets the dopamine generating cells situated in the substantia nigra a region in the midbrain. Once the dopamine generating cells have been destroyed, the synchronization of movement by both the brain and the spinal cord is affected. (Weiner, Shulman, & Lang, 2013 pg.21). A precise study and diagnosis of the disease is characterized by the buildup of a protein called alpha-synuclein in the neurons specifically in the inclusions of the neurons called the Lewy bodies. Since this directly affects the neurons, the formation and activity of dopamine, which is formed by certain neurons in the some sections of the midbrain are also disrupted. The accumulation of this protein cause a massive death of dopamine producing neurons, and the inevitable outcome is the Parkinson’s disease. The seriousness of the disease will depend on the distribution of the Lewy bodies within the neurons, and the more the distribution, the higher the rate of manifestation of Parkinson’s disease. (Tseng, 2009 pg93). It has been determined that the Parkinson’s disease is rampant in old age than it is in younger people, it rarely affect young individuals unless some heredity factors come into play. Exposure to some pesticides increases the risk of Parkinson’s disease and ironically there is a reduced risk in tobacco smokers. Any disease must be detected in its early stages and treatment done instantly so as to avoid severe cases of the disease. Parkinson’s disease has a number of very clear symptoms that are easily recognizable so that treatment can start early. The disease has a deceptive beginning which progresses slowly. The symptoms can be differentiated in motor and non-motor symptoms. The common early motor signs of the disease are tremors and awkward movements. This

Diversity Consciousness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Diversity Consciousness - Essay Example This paper will mainly talk about importance of diversity conscious, how to develop it, success barriers, overcoming barriers, and conclusion. Diversity consciousness is basic recognition that work places and communities in America are being more diverse. Being aware of its impact make a company be in a position to take advantage of its benefits and counteract conflicts that may arise if individuals with various backgrounds meet. Diversity consciousness has various importance. To start with, it enhances skills of diversity. Another importance is that it expands an individual’s horizon and also, empowers the individual. Diversity consciousness strengthens an individual’s social network and boost personal growth. It stresses on importance of education of oneself in diversity area and sees this education as a continuing process instead of an event. It also direct a learner on how developing process of diversity consciousness need commitment, patience, and evaluation. Diversity consciousness, provides a realistic and in depth perspective to diversity all learners will associate with regardless of where they come from and explores a variety of emerging diversity and traditional issues in a readable manner (Deissler, 2011) It is a worker’s right to do work in a place where diversity is given respect. These employees develop conscious to maintain this kind of environment via diversity training. In order to develop diversity consciousness, management team should be assisted to develop a training program that is better, which supports policies at work place regarding diversity (Katherine, 2008) All things come from leadership. In case a problem arises in a team, always, a leader must have faulted. Chances are that there is limited communication or no communication at all. For instance, if a leader does not communicate on how he/she

The Indian Famous Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Indian Famous Culture - Essay Example Indian culture is famous worldwide. When one finds a woman wearing a bindi on the forehead, we instantly know that she is a Hindu from India. Similarly, when we spot a man in a dhoti or when we picture kings mounted on elephants and living in exotic palaces, we certainly conjure the image of India. However, this is not limited to these expressions of culture. Inherently, the Indians are traditional and love keeping up their ethics and social traditions in spite of the modernisation. The Indian culture is not just pertinent to one religion and represents all the religions followed in India. It is this multi-culturalism that enhances the beauty of the Indian culture. Now, when we meet an Indian, we certainly assume numerous things about his culture, which is because we do conjure a picture of what India is. This is typical of a high culture context. 2. Consider the culture of the country you chose for the first question. If you classify the culture as â€Å"high context† or â€Å"low context† does this help your understanding of the culture? Does it offer any insight to help you be successful in business transactions with people from that country? Why or why not? The country chosen in the first question is India. Considering that fact that I  would like to   get  into a business  transaction with an  Indian company,   I  would definitely say that the cultural context of the country  helps  me  in  understand  the  business  interactions  with them,  as well.  When  international  business  is initiated,  research  on  the  host  country’s  culture  and  the societal  background  is  conducted,  besides various  other  factors  that  influence  the  setting  up  of  business  there.  

Project Business Case (A control traffic light signal device) during Essay

Project Business Case (A control traffic light signal device) during the transfer of emergency cases - Essay Example     Sign Off: Title Name Signature Date Project Manager    Project Sponsor    Reviewers: Name Title             *add/ delete rows as required Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2 Options 4 3 Implementation Plan 9 4 Governance 10 5 Project Review & Closure 11 1. Introduction  1.1 Background In most parts of the world, it is common practice for paramedics to navigate their way around traffics when they are called to handle an emergency situation. They do not really have the power to control traffics and they are held by the status of traffic lights each and every time they are called to duty. It is common practice for drivers of vehicles to stop and allow paramedics to get to their destination on time (Bledsoe et al, 1998). This body of traffic rules and moral obligations forces the ‘rational’ driver to quickly clear the road for an ambulance to pass. However, in a crossroad, there are no laws that really stop the flow of traff ic in a road where there is a green traffic light reflected. Most drivers have to drive through irrespective of whether there is an ambulance coming through or not. Secondly, a ‘rational’ driver who sees a moral obligation to stop for an ambulance to pass might end up causing a serious accident because it is unlikely that the cars following him would also think like him and stop for the movement of the ambulance. It is therefore important for a middle way to be found to ensure that ambulances and their paramedic staff get to scenes of medical emergencies and then save lives. This therefore calls for some kind of method that will enable paramedics and ambulance drivers to control the traffic lights whenever they are in driving to the scene of an emergency. Currently, SAAS has little control over the traffic light systems. This therefore means that they would have to stop in every traffic light and wait till it turns green before they can proceed to save lives. This defea ts their main purpose and there is the need for SAAS to get some power to control the traffic light systems so that they can fulfill their main purpose of formation – to save lives by arriving at emergency destinations on time. 1.2 Justification By definition, paramedics are trained to give first aid and emergency medical aid as and when it is needed and this forms the foundation of their primary responsibility – to save lives (Bhushkan & Mone, 2006). This therefore means that the staff members of SAAS devote their lives and times to saving citizens and residents of Australia who are in critical condition and need to be protected from death and severe hardships at the exact time they need it. The traffic lights are there to control the normal flow of cars carrying peoples through different crossroads. It regulates the flow of people throughout their travels on Australian roads. These people driving are often normal people who are not in any form of immediate danger. It is therefore necessary for priority to be given to residents of the country who are in critical or fatal condition. This can be done by giving paramedics the right to control the traffic lights and stop all vehicles moving across the road ahead of them. This is because a delay in their movement could mean the loss of another Australian life. There is therefore the need for the city and planning authorities Southern Australia to give paramedics and a

What Can We Learn about Managemet Today from Exanining Its Historical Essay

What Can We Learn about Managemet Today from Exanining Its Historical Foundations - Essay Example Scientific management theory or classical management theory has its roots from the beginning and which later give birth to behavioral management theory. In scientific theory the focus is on how to increase productivity and efficiency. In order to find the best way to manage workers or employees managers will apply scientific solutions, such as training employees to a specific task to gain organizational goals. This approach only focuses on achieving results and getting productivity ignoring the motivation and will of the workers (Hartness, 47). The major contribution on this approach was put forward by Frederick Taylor also known as the father of scientific management (Kanigel, 8-9). American engineer named Frederick Winslow Taylor published â€Å"THE PRINCIPLE OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT â€Å"in 1911 was amongst the first modern management publisher inspired by the rise of industrial age (Beissinger, 19). Taylor believed managing people is a science (Taylor, 12). He tried to make ma nagers think of their employees as specialized replaceable components. He emphasizes on directing employees effectively on work more precisely can give the maximum security and success for employer (Aitken, 32). Behavioral management theory on the other hand focuses on how employees will work and how employers could manage the employees in conducting of work in an organizational setting. Its prime concern is employee behavior and expectations and involves the motivation factor which was ignored by scientific approach. During the development of behavioral management theory, a scientist named Elton Mayo conducted an experiment which proved that increasing human motivation and satisfaction will give good amount of productivity. Elton Mayo’s contributions came as a...Furthermore the essay will elaborate scientific school of thought under the working of Fredrick Winslow Taylor who believes employees are machines. Secondly behavioral school of thought will be discussed as per Elton Mayo’s experiments and findings regarding how productivity can be achieved if workers are inclined towards motivation. The work of Abraham Maslow in hierarchy of needs will be discussed and finally the work done by Sun Tzu in terms of behavioral approach will finally be put into consideration. In section two the essay will highlight the core issue regarding continuities and connections between the different stages of management how they are transformed and modified by different people at different era’s and how they were in practices. Furthermore in section two the essay will discuss a problem that has been dominant throughout and its solution given by Fredrick, Maslow and Mayo. Finally then some suggestion and recommendation will be discussed on how the problem can be solved and rectified and what necessary measures should be taken in order to achieve the desired goals.Productivity has always remained a problem for years and the managers of every era have been focusi ng on different techniques to improve the productivity. Some have worked whereas some have not.

The End of Innocence and the Darkness of Mans Heart Essay Example for Free

The End of Innocence and the Darkness of Mans Heart Essay In Lord of the Flies the author, William Golding, proves his theory on the origin of evil in many ways, a main one being the changes in the character Jack. William Goldings theory states that civilization prevents corruption. Human nature is evil but with the conformity of moral values, supervision, and consequences good behavior can be developed. In his book England is involved in a nuclear war and must evacuate the people. A group of private school boys who are presumably evacuees are dropped from a plane just before it crashes onto an uninhibited tropical island. The boys are called together by Ralph, who with Piggy had found a conch shell. As the other boys gather onto the platform another party of the boys, the choir, marches up. They are described as something dark or a creature, one of the first signs of evil. All of the boys decide to elect a leader and the candidates turn out to be Ralph and Jack, head of the choir. When the boys choose Ralph, Jack becomes enraged and Ralph offers that the choir be the hunters. Jack is then seen as the head hunter and a primary destructive force. Ralph, Jack, and another boy, Simon, head out to survey the land and assure that it is indeed an island. The boys have their first confrontation with a pig. Jack is unable to plunge his knife into living flesh and bear the sight of flowing blood because of the taboo of the old life. He is ashamed and vows next time he will kill it as he drives his knife into a tree trunk. This is one of the first major signs of troubleof the evil ahead. Jack is later described as an animal, symbolizing the loss of civilization. His transition into evil begins as the influence of his former life and the conditioning wears off. The hunters go out to hunt again and proudly return with meat. Jack remarks with pride about how they cut the pigs throat though he twitches as he speaks of this achievement. Jack has not yet reached the point of savage abandonment. His mind was crowded with memories; memories of the knowledge that had come to them when they closed in on the struggling pig, knowledge that they had outwitted a living thing,  imposed their will upon it, taken away its life like a long satisfying drink. Another sign of the conditioning wearing off is when Jack hits another boy, Piggy, breaking his specs, because Piggy stood up for himself and his beliefs. On another hunt, Ralph joins the hunters. This hunt is unsuccessful because the boar gets away but Ralph is proud that he hit the pig in the snout with a spear. After this failure the boys start a reenactment with Robert, a smaller boy, acting as the pig. They begin the chant Kill the pig! Cut his throat! Kill the pig! Bash him in! and an overwhelming dark desire possesses the boys. This is the final stage before Jacks transition into complete evil. When Jack is angered that the boys do not want him as leader he travels to the other part of the beach and forms his own tribe. He informs the tribe that they are going to forget about a so-called beast and hunt. This hunt is an electrifying success. The boys hunted a helpless sow and as the afternoon wore on, hazy and dreadful with damp heat; the sow staggered her way ahead of them, bleeding and mad, and the hunters followed, wedded to her in lust, excited by the long chase and the dropped blood. When they kill the pig there is no twitch of conscience as Jack has fully transitioned into an evil boy. While the boys are feasting on this pig and celebrating their victory Simon is searching for the so-called beast. He runs into the pigs head on a stick, an offering for the beast. The head transforms into the Lord of the Flies (literal translation for Beelzebub, the chief of the devils) and Simon has an imaginary conversation with it. The Lord of the Flies explains that it is part of Simon, part of the boys, part of all men. He is the reason things are what they are. He is the demonic essence that is taking over Jack and the other boys in their evilness. Simon discovers that the beast is harmless and he goes running to the boys to share the good news. The boys are starting their dance when Simon runs into the middle of the circle and is killed. Simon becomes the suffering victim of the boys and of Jacks madness. The final and climactic abhorrence is the hunt for Ralph. Jack does not like Ralph because Ralph does not like Jack so Jack convinces the other boys that Ralph is the beast in disguise. Jack had previously explained to the boys that Simon was not really Simon, but the beast in disguise and he had not really been killed. At this point Jack is completely evil, as there is no civilization. In Lord of the Flies Jacks changes into evil prove Goldings theory about the origin of evil. As civilization is destroyed, Jack becomes more and more evil. At the beginning of the book one can see such signs of trouble as his reaction the failure to kill the pig. Into the middle the conditioning wearing off is rather apparent, as he becomes prone to killing. Finally, by the end Jack is completely evil. It is the end of innocence and the darkness of mans heart.

Misbehaviour Should Be Accepted In Organisations Commerce Essay

Misbehaviour Should Be Accepted In Organisations Commerce Essay Normal behaviour in an organisation has been analysed by many university experts and management theorists. These people believe that these positive activities contribute a lot to the organisation. Hard-work and discipline are good examples. However, the opposite theory misbehaviour in organisation behaviour is attracted by more and more people in a modern well-run organisation. The purpose of this report to ascertain what is a well-run organisation, what the accurate definition of misbehaviour is, and how misbehaviour influences a well-run organisation. After we have researched this theory comprehensively, it will be clear to see the reason why companies accept misbehaviour and how misbehaviour can create a positive effect in modern companies. The scope of this report will cover employees misbehaviour in the workplace and the relation between management hierarchy and workers. 2) Definition of a well-run organisation: The key characteristic of an organisation is that it is an purposefully organised group, department or family to achieve present targets set in the decision making state, and organisational present constitute member should adapt to the change of exterior or interior situation in order for the organisations survival. Generally, an organisation must be able to effectively implement and integrate with some controlling power for the successful continuation of the organisation. (Wilson Ronsenfeld, 1990). Organisations are always expected to successfully achieve targets in the process where from output to input, it then of course depending their resources should be used appropriately. Otherwise, an organisation is not only supported to be successful but also to be effective related to the output, involved in their final result and target. There are some related factors that could improve organisational performance, such as increasing profitability, improved service delivery and to maximise efficiency in key activities. In addition, efficient organisations must ensure that it reaches a satisfactory target, understanding the clients demand and requirements, and are compliant to specific requirements, adaptable in the change of exterior and the demand situation. (Mullins, 2007). 3) Definition and classification of misbehaviours: Organisational misbehaviour is defined as any intentional action made by members of an organisation that defies and violates shared organisational norms and expectations, and/or core societal values, mores and standards of proper conduct. (Yoav Vardi and Yoash Wiener 1996). However, all errors, mistakes, or even unconscious negligence do not constitute organisational misbehaviour, despite the bad effect it produces in the organisation. We will be focusing on individuals who are directly and intentionally involved in some form of misconduct in a well-run organisation. But this phenomenon may also come from a group of individuals or indeed the organisation itself. Organisational misbehaviour may also change in different situations and it can be functional or dysfunctional, positive or negative, short term or long term; it depends on the circumstances and manner of acting. The organisational misbehaviours are grouped into 3 major categories: misbehaviours that are intended to benefit the self, misbehaviours that intend to benefit the members employing organisation as a whole and misbehaviours that intend to inflict damage and be destructive. Misbehaviours that are intended to benefit the self are internal and often victimise the employing organisation or its members. Examples of such misbehaviour is the distortion data, the stealing and selling manufacturing secrets, the harassment of others, misleading customers and sabotaging processes. Misbehaviours that intend to benefit the members employing organisation as a whole are for the most part external in nature, usually directed toward outside victims such as public agencies, customers, social institutions, or other organisations. This sort of misconduct is self-serving and organisations members will take benefit of this cheating. Falsifying records, cheating governments and the misleading of customers belong to this category of misbehaviour. Misbehaviour that intends to inflict damage and be destructive can be both internal and external with the main goal being to hurt others or the organisation, to cause minor or considerable damage, both visible and invisible such as mistreatment, sabotage and theft. 4) Why can we accept misbehaviours in well-run organisations? Organisational misbehaviour can be as minor as being late for work, or as serious as theft, such as the stealing company resources. One research done in 2003 in the United States for example, claimed that over 95% of all businesses experience employee theft, with an estimated loss of $25 billion every year. Before we discuss whether or not misbehaviour is acceptable within an organisation, we should first know the source or reason of such behaviour. Peter Michael Blau, an Austrian sociologist and theorist, produced many theories about social phenomena and population structures. One of them, namely the Social Exchange theory, explains organisational misbehaviour. The Social Exchange theory is a combination of theory of economics, psychology and sociology, used to explain social behaviour of humans, based on exchanging benefits between two parties. When putting this theory in a workplace, it explains that the relationship between employees and employers are built based on the exchanging of benefits. Employees devoted their effort and time to work in exchange of their salary paid by their employers. When one party gives more to another, it is expected to receive more in return. There are both material and non-material benefits. Financial rewards or salaries for employees are both material benefits. Whereas, non-material benefits can be appreciation from managers and supervisors, or merely a certain level of support. Employees might receive their salary each month but they might not receive non-material benefits as frequently, such as job satisfaction. Employees have the potential to feel mistreated, causing the relationship between employees and employers to be ruined. When employees feel that they are unfairly treated in the workplace, while there is little chance that they can come forward or take a stand against their employer, the only way employees can repay such mistreatment is to engage in organisational misbehaviour. Understanding the reason of organisational misbehaviour, we then know why we should accept such behaviour other than taking eliminations and punishments. As an unkind action will repaid by an unkind response, making misbehaviour counter-productive. 5) Advantages of misbehaviour: Despite the fact that misbehaviour can be destructive, misbehaviour can also be seen a useful tool for well-run organisation. The hierarchy can see the dysfunction in the organisation: In the organisation, an employee will not always obey their superior; they will argue their point if there is something wrong or if they simply have a different opinion. It is preferable if the management can clearly see the dysfunction in the organisation. Therefore, the management is forced find the best way of preventing mistakes in advance of any challenges to their decisions. Increasing the rules, procedures, and bureaucratic control: Misbehaviour in an organisation also can be explained there are some leaks in the regulation of the organisation. For instance, in some organisations, discrimination is a normal situation. Regardless of race discrimination or the discrimination between the upper class and the lower class, there must be set rules to control them, in order to treat everyone equally. The management need to be in control of the organisation because misbehaviour will arise if ignored. As a result, the potential for misbehaviour encourages improved control by the management. Hierarchy need more concern to their employees: In certain situations, there will be a conflict when employers feel that they are unimportant, or indeed they feel that they are not totally involved in the organisational culture and feel uncomfortable in their position. Therefore, the organisation could understand they need to pay more attention to their employees and ask their opinion. When these employees feel that they are important to the organisation and they can contribute to the organisation, they will be more obedient and productive. Stimulate innovation and adaptation: Innovation is a very important part in an organisation. Misbehaviour means people challenge the status-quo, the result being that they misbehave. To stimulate innovation and adaptation not only benefit the organisation but also its employees who are stimulated by new challenges. Increasing the quality of decision making: Should one person make a decision independently of others, this course of action will ultimately cause others to challenge it. Many people will have differing opinions which they will want to put forward. To gather and coordinate the employees differing opinions on finding the best way to deal with a given issue will increase the quality of the decision making process and will remove the chances of disobedience, as the employees can voice their opinions. 6) Conclusion: Based on the information we have gathered, including the text book and internet sources, we have come to the decision that misbehaviour should be accepted in a well-run organisation. Organisations should emphasise misbehaviour as well good behaviour. Employees work for organisations, the aim employee working is variety, but in common the aim is to earn money to support themselves and their families. On the other hand, the employer has the employee, that is an equivalence exchange. Bosses should not be angry if an employee misbehaves with economic efficiency. An organisation is consisted by group, and a group consists of employees. Due to different backgrounds and different learning capacities, these people will definitely conflict when their opinions differ. The upper management power need rules and regulations to stop the dysfunction in a well-run organisation. Overall, satisfaction for employees is very important in well-run organisation, because employees may misbehave if they feel dissatisfied with the working conditions and management decisions. Companies are willing balance the benefits between the employer and employee. At last, employees can make a valid contribution to the organisation and enhance the companys productivity and competitiveness in the markets in which it competes.

Endogenous And Exogenous Antioxidants Benefits

Endogenous And Exogenous Antioxidants Benefits Despite the usefulness of oxidation reactions to life, it could also cause a great harm to humankind. Human beings have body that generates free radicals very continuously and these are always produced from the oxidation reaction that constantly takes place in living cells. Apart from the radicals that results from oxidation, some other ones are generated from immune cells to combat bacteria and viruses and also from ingestion, inhalation, and or absorption from our immediate environment during burning by sun or ultraviolet rays. Damage caused by free radicals includes aging, destruction of DNA and clogging of arteries. It is also believed that free radicals may play a role in cancer, strokes, and heart disease. Oxidative stress may also damage or kill cells. Free radicals cause damage to skins structural support and decrease its elasticity, resilience, and suppleness. Antioxidants stop the chain reactions of free radical, and inhibit other oxidation reactions. An antioxidant is a molecule capable of inhibiting the oxidation of other molecules. There are two types of antioxidants: exogenous and endogenous. Exogenous antioxidants are antioxidants we get from our diet and endogenous antioxidants are made by our bodies. Endogenous antioxidants repair free radical damage on the inside by initiating cell regeneration; exogenous antioxidants repair some free radical damage from the outside on in by stimulating cell regeneration. The role of endogenous and exogenous antioxidants Exogenous antioxidants are antioxidants we get from our diet by eating antioxidant-rich foods and by taking supplements. Some well known examples of exogenous antioxidants are vitamins A, C and E. Even though exogenous antioxidants can be obtained from food sources, in our modern day world it is nearly impossible to get enough exogenous antioxidants from our diet to neutralize all of the free radicals generated. This is why antioxidant supplementation is so vital. Endogenous antioxidants are made by our bodies. Because they are produced by our own bodies and not obtained from food sources, endogenous antioxidants are far more potent than exogenous antioxidants. Endogenous antioxidants repair all of the free radical damage by initiating cell regeneration from the inside on out, whereas, exogenous antioxidants only repair some of the free radical damage from the outside on in by stimulating (not initiating) cell regeneration. There are five extremely powerful endogenous antioxidants. They are: Glutathione (GSH), Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase and Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). Unfortunately, the bodys production of endogenous antioxidants declines as we age. For example, our glutathione levels decline about 10-15% per decade as we grow older. This decrease in endogenous antioxidants is found to be a strong factor in contributing to premature aging and degenerative diseases. There is more than enough studies to verify that by increasing our endogenous antioxidant cellular levels, such as our glutathione levels, we can greatly help prevent many age-related health issues and degenerative diseases like Diabetes, Alzheimers, Cancer, Heart Disease, and many other health concerns. (Curr Cardiol Rev.2008 Nov; 4(4):259-68.) (Kaneto et al, 1999) Sources of Antioxidants All plants produce antioxidants. Even meat, dairy products, and eggs contain some antioxidants, which mainly come from the nutrient-rich plants the animals fed on. Plants and animals maintain complex systems of multiple types of antioxidants, such as glutathione, vitamin C, and vitamin E as well as enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and various peroxides. Antioxidants protection against diabetes Diabetics have high levels of oxidative stress, which basically means too many free radicals and not enough antioxidants to neutralize them. It would be beneficial for anyone suffering from Diabetes to increase their antioxidant supplementation. Glutathione, being the master antioxidant, would naturally be the best choice. Furthermore, inflammation leads to and contributes to insulin resistance. Glutathione, on top of being the most potent antioxidant, is also a powerful ant-inflammatory. Increasing evidence in both experimental and clinical studies suggests that oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of both types of diabetes mellitus. Free radicals are formed disproportionately in diabetes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.Abnormally high levels of free radicals and the simultaneous decline of antioxidant defense mechanisms can lead to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.development of insulin resistance. These consequences of oxidative stress can promote the development of complications of diabetes mellitus. (Wiley 2003) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦there is evidence for increased oxidative stress in diabetesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.With regard to diabetes, antioxidantsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦supplementation have been shown to be beneficial. Thus, it appears that, in diabetes, antioxidant therapy could alleviate the increased attendant oxidative stress and emerge as an additional therapeutic modality. (Vega-Lopez et al, 2004) Researchers at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) School of Medicine have discov ered that inflammationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦leads to insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. Science Daily (Nov. 7, 2007) Antioxidants protection against cancer, coronary heart disease and stroke Apples, and especially apple peels, have been found to have a potent antioxidant activity and can greatly inhibit the growth of liver cancer and colon cancer cells (Wolfe et al. 2003) (Eberhardt et al. 2000). The total antioxidant activity of apples with the peel was approximately 83 ÃŽÂ ¼mol vitamin C equivalents, which means that the antioxidant activity of 100 g apples (about one serving of apple) is equivalent to about 1500 mg of vitamin C. However, the amount of vitamin C in 100 g of apples is only about 5.7 mg (Eberhardt et al.2000). Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant, but research shows that nearly all of the antioxidant activity from apples comes from a variety of other compounds. Vitamin C in apples contributed less than 0.4% of total antioxidant activity. (Liu et al. 2001) Prospective studies suggest that people with high intakes of fruit and vegetables or blood antioxidant concentrations (Pandey et al. 1995) (Enstrom et al. 1992) in the highest quintile of the distribution have low risks of epithelial cancers,( Steinmetz and Potter 1991) coronary heart disease,(Gaziano et al.1995) and stroke. At least 10 prospective studies have shown that high intakes of fruit and vegetables confer protection against cancer, cardiovascular disease, and stroke (Steinmetz and Potter 1991) (Gillman et al.1995) Abundant evidence proves the role of virgin olive oil in protecting against cardiovascular disease. While it has long been known that olive oil helps decrease total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels (Covas et al.2006) new research is shedding light on its additional cardiovascular benefits. According to the Food and Drug Administration, Eating about 2 tablespoons of olive oil daily may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. To achieve this possible benefit, olive oil is to replace a similar amount of saturated fat and not increase the total number of calories you eat in a day.(Fito et al. 2005). Scientists have proposed that several constituents of olive oil may be responsible for its anti-cancer effects. These include its anti-oxidant polyphenols as well as the lipid oleic acid, which is highly resistant to peroxidation. (Owen et al. 2004) However, there are a number of dietary antioxidants that have been identified that would help us to understand how the antioxidants function, and some are still in the process of development and testing. (Uddin and Ahmad 1995) A group of chemists at University of Scranton in Pennsylvania says that adding a mixture of antioxidants to sunscreen may help enhance protection of cancer. In animal studies, they found that a mixture of various topical antioxidants was more effective than single antioxidants in preventing the formation of skin tumors induced by ultraviolet light. In another study, the same research team found that black tea, green tea, grape seed and cranberry extracts were all promising antioxidants for fighting skin cancer when applied topically. Both studies were presented at the 229th national meeting of the American Chemical Society, the worlds largest scientific society, in San Diego on March 14, 2005. Conclusion We need to eat a healthy diet with a variety of fruits and vegetables. We cannot depend on any single super antioxidants, a variety of antioxidants are needed. Currently only antioxidants from food compounds with vitamins (vitamins A, C and E) have been proven with antioxidant efficacy. Environmental factors that produce free radicals could be avoided. In numerous epidemiological studies, apples have been associated with a decreased risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and asthma. In vitro and animal studies have demonstrated that apples have high antioxidant activity, can inhibit cancer cell proliferation, decrease lipid oxidation, and lower cholesterol, potentially explaining their role in reducing risk of chronic disease. The potential health benefits of apples are numerous. Regular consumption of fruits and vegetables, including apples, as part of a healthy diet may aid in the prevention of chronic disease and maintenance of good health.

My Educational Philosophy :: Philosophy Education Teaching Teachers Essays

My Educational Philosophy As a child, it is hard to understand adults’ intentions. Whether it is punishing a young child for running out in the street or even directing them not to leave toys on the staircase, adults have a profound authority over children, which is sometimes misunderstood. Adults instill vital qualities in children. Though children may disregard adults’ authority at first, at one point in their lives, they will understand the reasoning behind it all. At the age of 5, I began to realize that the adults in my environment were reflecting the virtue of patience upon me. My parents were teachers. My father taught High School Electronics. My mother had a class of preschoolers. Both had to maintain a calm manner while dealing with their students, and it was necessary for them to have a great deal of patience. As my mother drove me to Kindergarten one morning, I looked out the car window. I noticed my teacher surrounded with children on the playground. She was not pointing her finger and directing them to go play, but instead, she was laughing with them. At the age of 5, I was realizing that patience was a quality that teachers must have. As I grew older, I noticed this virtue of patience more often. No matter how difficult the class full of students became, the teachers took charge with grace. As many children do, I looked up to my parents as well as teachers. These adults were here to guide me through life. I admired them for their patience and determination to help me succeed. They held the key to my future, and offered it with an open hand. Watching my parents work on lesson plans, and hearing them speak of memorable classroom moments, intrigued me. They enjoyed their job so much, that it was beginning to rub off on me! I, too, was starting to love the life of a teacher. I wanted to, one day, come home and know that I had made a difference in someone's life. I wanted to organize exciting activities to help others learn. I wanted to stay up at the wee hours of the night grading papers. Believe it or not, I wanted to be a teacher! I knew that I would have to work hard, and stay focused in school.

On Explanation: Aristotelean and Hempelean :: History Science Scientific Papers

On Explanation: Aristotelean and Hempelean ABSTRACT: Given the great historical distance between scientific explanation as Aristotle and Hempel saw it, I examine and appraise important similarities and differences between the two approaches, especially the inclination to take deduction itself as the very model of scientific knowledge. I argue that we have good reasons to reject this inclination. In his recent studies showing Galileo's knowledge of and adherence to the deductive standards of explanation in science set forth by Aristotle, Wallace (1) remarks that this Aristotelean theory must not be confused with the contemporary deductive-nomological theory of Hempel and Oppenheim. (2) There are, of course, important differences between the classic works of Aristotle and Hempel, for twenty-three centuries lie between them. But the differences are not as great as might be expected, and, as current discussions of the metatheoretical issues of explanation are generally ahistorical, I believe an attempt to compare these two intellectual mileposts in our understanding of scientific method should prove useful. The most obvious and interesting similarities between the two metatheories of science lie in their deductive character, and this is where their significant contrasts lie as well. Aristotle had developed two major deductive systems: the hypothetical and categorical syllogisms. Of these, he thought only the latter suitable to the demanding rigors of scientific knowledge, whose first characteristics he saw to be 'certainty' and 'necessity'. (3) There are some problematic elements in just what Aristotle took these concepts to mean, but I postpone discussion of that to a later stage. The categorical syllogism, preferably in the familiar "Barbara" of the first figure of the first mood, Aristotle sees to be the ideal supplier of both the certainty and the necessity, with the scientific conclusion being the conclusion of the syllogism. Like Hempel and Oppenheim, he insists that the premises be true, from which it is evident that the conclusion could not fail to be certainly and necessarily true. The syllogism itself, as an argument, then stands as an explanation. Inasmuch as the deductive system of the categorical syllogism can be seen now to be a significant subset of the first-order predicate calculus, which is the deductive system prescribed by Hempel and Oppenheim, the difference between the deductive requirements of the two metatheories is really only that of the greater scope, power, and elegance of the more recent logic. But it remained for Hempel and Oppenheim to point out the

Communication Studies Introduction

Introduction Theme: The Generation Gap Research Question: How has the generation gap affected the current generation and caused a negative change in society’s values? According to http://www. investopedia. com, the generation gap refers to the differences found between members of different generations. More specifically, it is used to describe the differences in actions, beliefs and tastes between the younger generations in comparison to the older generations. Within Trinidad and Tobago, factors of the generation gap are quite evident in society.Several norms, mores and values established by the previous generations have been undermined and obviated by the current generation, the generation gap is also prevalent in today’s music, fashion and the way we speak. As such, it has been observed that the delicate structure and order of society which has enforced proper ethics and morals amongst its citizens has begun to deteriorate, given way to a more chaotic and immoral gene ration. It is a fact of life that the generation gap â€Å"is something that has existed and will continue to exist as long as man resides on this earth.It is not restricted to certain parts of the world, to certain times of human history or to certain cultures. That is why this â€Å"clash† is a fact of a life accepted by all generations, all over the world and through all time. This topic will help me investigate the reasons why the differences of generation gap have widened greatly in the 20th and 21st centuries and how it has contributed to the negative change in society. I am going to use an argumentative essay in my reflective piece as I think it best suits the theme of my project.In the essay, I’ll look at the points which support my topic while still touching on the benefits of the generation gap. These points will then be explained in greater detail in my oral exposition so that persons would have a better understanding of the chosen topic. The theme synchron izes with my interests in pursuing my sociological career path and information acquired from this project would also help with improving my student- teacher relationship and my relationship with my parents and come to better compromises as I will now better understand the older generation’s differences and point of views on current trends.

Health Information Technology Paper Essay

The facility that of Health Care that I have chosen is Bradford Oaks Nursing Rehabilitation Center, Genesis Healthcare, Clinton Md, 20735. This Nursing home is a Long-term and Short-term nursing home with one level floor holding 180 beds and the facility tries to keep the census up to 170 beds. They are owned by Genesis Healthcare, the population that is served there are 80 percent elderly and the other 10 percent is between the age of 21 and up the younger generation. They offer all types of services at the facility as far as Rehab, Long-term care, Short-term Care, Respite Care, and Hospice Care. There are a very good facility that have accreditation of GENESIS HEALTHCARE RECOGNIZED AS ONE OF THE ACHIEVERS 50 MOST ENGAGED WORKPLACESâ„ ¢ IN THE UNITED STATES, Genesis HealthCare receives Viverae’s 2012 Vanguard Award for developing a healthier workplace culture. The Users of the Health Information at Bradford Oaks Nursing Rehabilitation Center are Physicians who provide the services our patients and residents need in a compassionate and caring environment. Whether it is helping ideas be heard or working to build cooperation amongst business teams. We have Nurses (LPN)-Licensed Practical Nurses One that can provide the services our patients and residents need in a compassionate and caring environment. Whether it is enhancing clinical skills, developing leadership capabilities, or providing strong foundations for career development. We Have (RN) – Registered Nurse Use strong physical assessment skills and mastery of fine nursing principles to manage a range of acute care and rehabilitation patients. They develop and implement individualized care plans for patients while assisting with orientation and supervision of nursing staff. Of Course the administrator who plans, organized, direct, and control the operations of a nursing home or it s equivalent (other long-term personal care facilities with or without nursing services) based on policies established by the owner or governing board. We also have the Support Services which are adult day care, meal programs (like Meals-on-wheels), senior centers, friendly visitor programs, help with shopping and transportation, help with legal question, bill paying, or other financial matters. The way we access Health Information is by Paper Medical Records and Electronic Records. The paper records are accessed through medical records clerk in medical records by giving the name and DOB. The Electronic Records are accessed with a system named PointClickCare, threw Genesis Healthcare. There are plenty of systems they used in the facility but PointClickCare is the system that is used threw out the whole building. In different department and everybody PointClickCare is different. They use a system call E-discharged for referrals that are sent from the hospital to the facility regarding a patients clinical information of a patient who either needs long-term care or short-term care needs. They also use a system called (IRM) – Intake Referral Management where referrals are sent straight to the facility for patients that either need help with long-term healthcare or short-term healthcare. Some of the system that are used under the PointClickCare System are registration, bil ling, coding, computerized physician order entry (CPOE), and nursing system and finance system. I would classify this system based on the description of my Him interviewer is Clinical Support. The functions of this system as explained by my interviewer (R,Shalita,2013) was that the purpose is to have good time management on all of their work and system, getting information at a fast pace and a safe and secure system to protect patient information. The system doesn’t connect/interface with other systems, the system is not user friendly you need a username and password to login and everyone PointClickCare is different depending on their department. This system is very secure, they have vendors to support the maintenance and updated of the systems, especially Genesis Healthcare does have to call their 1-800 number. The strengths of their system is time efficient, communication is clear, its visual to everyone that uses it, give automatic updates, on a patient or if the department updates anything. The PointClickCare HER platform provides an integrated approach to the management of long-term care. By connection clinical, billing, and administration processes across a single, web based platform, information is only entered once, duplicate documentations avoided, staff have more time to spend with residents, errors are reduced, and RUGs are optimized. The templates are completely customizable, they provide consistent, complete, and accurate data. The notes for similar types of exams will appear to be standard and similar, each click adds data elements to the database. Point and click systems create data that can be used to generate clinically useful reports, such as health maintenance reminders and disease management. One of the major advantages of template-based charting is the speed with which i t can make the document available as a medical record. Since notes are created within the EMR, they are available immediately upon completion. There are weakness of the system it takes more time and definitely more concentration for a physician to navigate through a large data set and create progress notes using poingclickcare templates. Templates must by customized per the physician’s requirement, customization can be inflexible and costly. Templates are well-accepted by only tech-savvy doctors, any approach requiring direct data entry by the physician has generally failed because busy providers reject it altogether. The output form these templates is too canned and identical, it loses individuality for each patient. It is difficult for a provider to capture a complete patient encounter on a computer in front of a patient. I learned a lot details about planning, design, implementation, and maintence of the system. The technology section for the long-term care organization reaches beyond software evaluation. Considerations of implementation, training, and support are usually important for holistic care provider solution. PointClickCare’s resources in these critical areas ensure immediate and strategic client success. Implementation services are certified industry experts deliver the best-practices of nearly 5,000 implementations. Dedicated account teams form a strong relationship between PointClickCare and our clients proven methodologies remove risk On-demand and on-site implementation and training offers flexibility in delivery and investment, Support provides the right answers at the right time. Training services are End-user adoption will ultimately drive the success of any technology. PointClickCare’s thorough training programs, delivered onsite, online, or through the application, ar m users with the skills to use PointClickCare on day one: A combination of onsite, web, and on-demand training programs for end-users. Credentialed industry and product expert trainers dedicated to client success during and post-implementation. Ongoing subscriptions for retraining existing or new staff. Support Services are when it comes to technology, your business can’t afford to wait for assistance. PointClickCare’s highly responsive, regionally-dedicated support teams and technical account managers (TAMs) get clients the answers they need, when they need them. PointClickCare’s support organization prevents interruption to operations, freeing clients to focus on their core business: get answers quickly with regular and emergency support types. The right support at the right time with 3 tiers of problem escalation regionally dedicated teams understand and can provide solutions to localized issues. On-Demand resources (Customer Resource Center) provides end-use r support directly within the application. I found that the system PointclickCare is very secure and organized HER, and the PointClickCare is adding more customers per month than any other vendor on the market. That’s because their web-based solutions are uniquely designed to help long-term care providers of all sizes manage the complete lifecycle of resident care. From pre-admission to discharge, our integrated approach to EHR streamlines clinical, MDS, billing, and administrative processes with maintenance-free software that is as robust as it is easy to use. Some of the key strengths where that they provide consistent, complete, and accurate data. The weakness of the system were that It takes more time—and definitely more concentration—for a physician to navigate through a large data set and create progress notes using point-and-click templates. There could be improve as far as the weakness but I believe that as time goes on and the system continues to get updated they will fix the little issue the sys tem has as of right now. Reference (Healthcare Center, Genesis, (2012). Our Services. Retrieved form, http://www.genesishcc.com/our-services/our-services-overview) (R. Shalita, Personal Communication, August 15, 2013) (Wessinger, Mike, (2000-2013). PointClickCare. Retrieved from, http://www.pointclickcare.com/corp_site/company/management.jsp)

Wounded Platoon

REACTION PAPER THE WOUNDED PLATOON Kevin Shields, a 24-year old Army Soldier, went out drinking with three Army buddies on November 30, 2007, from Fort Carson, Colorado, a base close to Colorado Springs. A few hours later, he was dead. He was shot twice in the head at close range and left by the side of the road by his army buddies. Shields' violent murder accentuated one of many violent attacks committed by the three Army buddies, who are now serving time in prison for Shield’s death and other crimes as well.Since the Iraq war began, a total of 18 soldiers from Fort Carson have been charged with or convicted of murder, manslaughter or attempted murder committed at home in the United States, and 36 Army soldiers have committed suicide. In the movie The Wounded Platoon, FRONTLINE investigate a single Fort Carson platoon of infantrymen, the 3rd Platoon, â€Å"Charlie Company† 1st Battalion, 506th Infantry, and finds that after a long period time away from home, serving th eir country, a group of young men changed by the war in Iraq and suffering from a range of psychiatric disorders that many blame for their violent and self-destructive behaviors.Since returning from Iraq, three members of the 3rd Platoon have been convicted on murder or attempted murder charges; one was jailed for drunk driving and another for assaulting his spouse; and the other one has attempted suicide. They could not stop bragging about the amount of innocent people they have murdered and they have gotten away with it. â€Å"There's a whole bunch of people in the unit that killed people they weren't supposed to,† according to Bruce Bastien, who, along with Louis Bressler and Kenny Eastridge, is now serving time for the murder of Kevin Shields.In a stunning confession recorded by police interviewers and shown for the first time on television, Mr. Bastien admits to his role in the murder of two U. S. soldiers and the stabbing of a young woman during a robbery in Colorado Sp rings, thefts and murders are being committed in our own backyard by our own Army soldiers whose work is to protect us and our country. Mr. Bastien also makes claims about more murders committed in Iraq during the surge. â€Å"It's easy to get away with that kind of s**t over there. You can just do it and be like, ‘Oh, he had a gun,' and nobody really looks into it. ‘F*** it, it's just another deadHaji. ‘† But that excuse did not go too well for them here. While the Army has concluded that there is no evidence to back up Bastien's allegations of soldiers killing innocent Iraqis, PBS, Fontline also speaks with platoon member Jose Barco, who makes a similar claim. â€Å"We were pretty trigger-happy,† he says of the soldiers' time in Iraq. â€Å"We'd open up on anything. We usually rolled three or four trucks, and if one of them got hit and there was any males around, we'd open up, and we'd shoot at them. They even didn't have to be armed. † They have extended their behaviors here at home and even turned on their own Army buddies.ScienceDaily (Sept. 15, 209) The Veterans’ Administration should expect a high volume of Iraq veterans seeking treatment of post traumatic stress disorder, with researchers anticipating that the rate among armed forces will be as high as 35%, according to the Management Insights feature in the current issue of Management Science, the flagship journal of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS ®). 35% of our soldiers suffer from PTSD. The VA system which is already experiencing significant delays for PTSD treatment provision, urgently needs to vamp up its mental health resource capacity.Our soldiers are becoming mass murderers abroad and at home. Is it PTSD, boredom or just because they can get away with it? Anything less than manditory PTSD therapy upon return should be considered less than acceptable to the American public. We ask these personnel to put t heir ordinary lives on hold, commit unspeakable acts of valor and return to America without support and understanding. We can not begin to imagine the horrors these people have witnessed or experienced. With manitory treatment by psychotherapists, the stigma would be removed and maybe they would have a regained sense of morality. Being from N.C. and witnessing the struggles of returning military personnel from wartime, we need to do so much more for them. This was an excellent film and is exactly what I expected from Frontline. No opinions or hidden agendas. Just the facts and the room for us to interpret. I think we need to step back and remove the original problem, which is waging illegal wars in other countries. We are sending our people in there to be damaged, then trying to â€Å"fix† them, most of the time so they can become functional enough to go back on a deployment and do violence upon others and be re-traumatized. That is insanity.Did you notice how the assistant c hief of staff to the army talks about the soldiers as though they are products or commodities to be shipped to the front based on â€Å"supply and demand? † That is, indeed, exactly what they are. Just another pair of boots on the ground, just like any iraqi is â€Å"just another haji, like cattle or a dog. † These soldiers are de-humanized in the same way they have de-humanized the alleged â€Å"enemy† and that may be the moral lesson for them all. This should give any person a lot of pause before they voluntarily (and remember everyone, it is voluntary) signs up for this irrational, cowardly work. This should give any person a lot of pause before they voluntarily (and remember everyone, it is voluntary) signs up for this irrational,cowardly work. † You need to jump back with your bad self,you and like minded others are as much to blame as the incompetent system I've had to deal with because of my own issues,you reek of the snide arrogant sort who spend t he day blaming America for every wrong in the world before going home to sleep at night under that blanket of safety provided by better men than you,the same men you call cowards.You're not fit to lick the mud off any of my brother's boots What ‘blanket of safety' did the War in Iraq provide for anyone? It was and is a complete disaster that has cost us over 4,000 soldiers lives and $1 trillion to US taxpayers. It was waged based on lies by ‘chicken hawks', men like Dick Cheney who got 5 deferments when it was his turn to fight in Vietnam yet has no problem sending young American men and women to die for ‘weapons of mass destruction and liberating the Iraqi people. What a joke. The ‘support the troops' campaign is nothing but a Pentagon marketing strategy to take the onus off of the government's awful policies. If you really want to support the troops, look at the policies themselves and the terrible decision making that when into waging them and make sure it never happens again. We can support the troops by avoiding the needless deaths of 4,000 soldiers and the countless wounded. Thats real patriotism, saving American lives from needless death.I’m sure many Americans are scared of the same thing happening to their soldiers coming home in their hometown who are now in Afghanistan. So far our media has not really made any connections between crimes at home and PTSD. It will only be time. I’m also sure that our Military is keeping quiet. Sending our young men into combat result to PTSD, Madness, and violence backhome. The VA will ne er have enough resources to take care of the broken minds and bodies that wars have created.

Importance of consumer centric approach marketing Essay

           A consumer centric approach is a method in marketing that focuses on the needs and wants of an individual consumer (Kaufmann & Mohammed 302). The approach does not deal with customers like the mass market. It makes constant interaction with the customers. This is done so as to get information that makes a business understand what are customers’ expectations, perceptions and desires. By acquiring all the necessary information the business is able to design new and best strategies to increase its loyalty in the services and products. The businesses also use this approach to increase the customer’s satisfaction. The customer centric is like focusing on what the customers’ value in life. After finding that value is when the business can dedicate its efforts on a particular high value customer segment. Internal and external factors associated with consumer-centric             According to Jham & Puri (3) there are internal and external factors that affect the consumer- centric method from identifying the customers’ behavior. They make it difficult for a business and its consumer to have an interaction. The external factors are the environmental influences and the internal factors are the individual differences. The external factors such as social class, personal influence, attitudes and family: complicate the consumer’s decisions (Jham & Puri 3). The internal factors include; motivation knowledge, personality, attitudes, lifestyle, consumers’ resources and values. They also affect the consumer’s decisions. The consumer resource as part of internal factors; reflects on time and money. It is difficult to establish an interaction with the consumer if he or she is not financially stable. The most crucial factor is behavior. Most of the customer’s can buy the product out of convenience not because they bel ieve in the brand. Why do we need to focus on consumers?            The customers are very important in a business. They are the ones who determine the success of any organization. When an organization focus on consumer satisfaction; it becomes easy to find some metric that it can use to improve its business. However, it also becomes easy to manage the selling of the products and services. Concentrating on consumers has advantages to the business. It helps the business identify the consumer’s loyalty (Beard 1). The consumers’ acts like advocates in a business. They can help the business grow. A satisfied customer is able to share with others the goodness of the product or a service. This help increase the rate of consumers in a certain business. They are like small marketers or â€Å"evangelists.† Unhappy customer results to a risk of losing many consumers in the business. This is because of the negative word of mouth.               Concentrating on consumer help bring differentiation (Beard 1). A market is a competitive place that every business fights to get more customers. In order to succeed in this kind of environment one need to focus customer satisfaction. The customer can only choose to associate with the business that satisfies them. They find that kind of businesses unique and different from others. Customer satisfaction reduces Churning. Poor services make customers want to experience products from the competitors. A certified customer does not find it necessary to experience the quality of other products. In a business, it is very expensive and difficult to acquire new customers. The organization may spend resources on marketing and adverts so as to acquire more customers. The best option to avoid these circumstances is by retaining customers through satisfaction. It is the only way for a business to succeed. Consumer-centric in companies          Customer centric marketing is used by many companies in the world today. The companies that use this approach become knowledgeable on ways to enhance their products and services. However, the consumer-centric companies have more qualities compared to others. They are accessible. The customers find it easy to connect with them. They are responsive. They are able to reach out to their customers by different channels and respond to their suggestions and needs. Customer centric marketing (CRM) has been upgraded into eCRM in many companies (Kaufmann & Mohammed 302). The advances in the technology have changed the way consumers such for information of the products they need. The old CRM did not satisfy the needs of all consumers.             With the help of the new technology both eCRM with traditional CRM are now used by companies to enhance consumer quality service standards. The eCRM is a new tool being used by many companies to enhance their marketing skills. This is because it allows transferring of information across channels through the data driven tools. The companies that use eCRM are able to increase consumer satisfaction, their services and loyalty. However, some of them have increased online sell through this new technology. Customer centric companies have large market share compared to others. This is because they are able to reach out the market through â€Å"customer satisfaction.† This is very important thing. Other companies that do not have CRM have small market share. The business can only have a large market share by being the heart of the consumers. Concept of relationship marketing in consumer-centric approach            Relationship marketing is a concept in the business related to Consumer-centric marketing. Its main agenda is to achieve the consumer’s loyalty. The approach makes sure the businesses have interaction and long term engagement with the consumers (Learning business 1). The approach allows open communication with customers and gives them information suited for their needs. It makes the business develop an emotional connection or relationship with the customer. This approach is same as the consumer-centric. It deals with loyalty and developing a good interaction with the consumers. It has the same agenda of satisfying consumers. The methods used in relationship marketing apply in CRM. They use methods such as; marketing campaigns. This can be used by the CRM to promote organizations, the products, special offers and the brand.             Methods such as competitive prices, excellent customer services and quality products are essential in providing a good relationship with the customers (Learning marketing 1). They lead to best buyer- consumer relationship. They are the best methods of retaining customers in a business. However, the relationship marketing monitoring methods used to ensure customer satisfaction are appropriate for CRM. Personal interview by use of questionnaires or phone calls is best to find out consumers view regarding products and services. The mystery shoppers can also be applied. They include suggestion boxes, online surveys. Customer complaints and customers’ general comments are also important. They help business know where they stand in the market. The CRM help the business to come up with the best market segmentation. It is because they can know the needs of each individual in a certain area. The fit of marketing offering in consumer-centric approach             Marketing offering is appropriate when using the consumer- centric approach. It is because it deals with additional values to the customers (Hunt 1). In order to deliver values such as availability, technical support, convenient delivery or quality service; CRM is the right approach. It deals with maintaining a good relationship with the consumers. Adding the values to CRM helps the consumers be more loyal and trust the products or services. The offering marketing fits in the CRM because before it is carried out. The business needs to understand customers’ important factors. They help understand if the products are supportive or convenient. The convenience acts like a differentiator between the values offered to that of the competitors. The offerings are determinants whether the customer can buy from a certain company or not. They also involve the customer service similar to the CRM. If a business responds to the request of customers immediately; it gives t hem confidence. Conclusion               Customer- centric is a good approach for business. It enable establish a good relationship between the business and consumers. However, it responds to customers request which a very important aspect. Customer satisfaction is a very important thing. Consumers determine the growth of the business. They are advocates. A business that practices consumer satisfaction has a competitive differentiation. However they do not experience churning since their services and products are convincing than others. CRM is related to the relationship market. All this approaches are interested in customers’ loyalty. They are approaches that help the business acquire a large market share. Customers’ are always attracted with satisfaction than any other thing in the product or service. Reference Beard, R. Why customer satisfaction is very important (6 reasons). (2014). Retrieved on 27th February 2015. < http://blog.clientheartbeat.com/why-customer-satisfaction-is-important/> Hunt, Shelby D.  Marketing Theory: Foundations, Controversy, Strategy, Resource-Advantage Theory. Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe, 2010. Print. Jham, Vimi, and Sandeep Puri.  Cases on Consumer-Centric Marketing Management. Hershey, PA: Business Science Reference, 2014. Internet resource.Kaufmann, Hans R, and Mohammad F. A. K. Panni.  Customer-centric Marketing Strategies: Tools for Building Organizational Performance. Hershey, PA: Business Science Reference, 2013. Print. Learning marketing. (2014). Relationship marketing. Retrieved on 27th February 2015.< http://www.learnmarketing.net/relationshipmarketing.htm> Source document